{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:41:25Z","timestamp":1767829285396,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSFCB07-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSFCB07-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/06210-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06210-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos","award":["PSFCB07-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSFCB07-2019"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos","award":["2022\/06210-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06210-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida sp. infections are a threat to global health, with high morbidity and mortality rates due to drug resistance, especially in immunocompromised people. For this reason, the search for new alternatives is urgent, and in recent years, a combined therapy with natural compounds has been proposed. Considering the biological potential of isoespintanol (ISO) and continuing its study, the objective of this research was to assess the effect of ISO in combination with the antifungals fluconazole (FLZ), amphotericin B (AFB) and caspofungin (CASP) against clinical isolates of C. tropicalis and to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of this compound in the acute phase (days 0 and 14) and chronic phase (days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84) in female mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb\/c lineage. The results show that ISO can potentiate the effect of FLZ, AFB and CASP, showing synergism with these antifungals. An evaluation of the mice via direct observation showed no behavioral changes or variations in weight during treatment; furthermore, an analysis of the cytokines IFN-\u03b3 and TNF in plasma, peritoneal cavity lavage (PCL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) indicated that there was no inflammation process. In addition, histopathological studies of the lungs, liver and kidneys showed no signs of toxicity caused by ISO. This was consistent with an analysis of oxaloacetic transaminases (GOT) and pyruvic transaminases (GPT), which remained in the standard range. These findings indicate that ISO does not have a cytotoxic effect at the doses evaluated, placing it as a monoterpene of interest in the search for compounds with pharmacological potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29184417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T01:16:10Z","timestamp":1726622170000},"page":"4417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of a Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orfa In\u00e9s","family":"Contreras-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 230002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Angulo-Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 230002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9235-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilmar","family":"Santaf\u00e9 Pati\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 230002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Sierra Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3228-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Berrio Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 230002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joice Margareth","family":"de Almeida Rodolpho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krissia Franco","family":"de Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"de Freitas An\u00edbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3970-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Dias","family":"de Lima Fragelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials Development Center, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Ceramics, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avato, P. 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