{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:27:44Z","timestamp":1789464464862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Poland","award":["HORre.027.7.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HORre.027.7.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the activity of common thyme (Thymus vulgare L.), Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum), and common oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) essential oils (EOs) against selected phytopathogenic microorganisms in relation to their chemical profile. The EOs were obtained from the herbs of 2-year-old plants cultivated in the organic farming system in a temperate climate in Central Europe. The EOs\u2019 composition was determined by GC\/MS and GC\/FID. The investigated species were represented by the following three chemotypes: \u2018thymol\u2019 for common thyme, \u2018carvacrol\u2019 for Greek oregano, and mixed \u2018caryophyllene oxide + \u03b2-caryophyllene\u2019 for common oregano. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs was assessed based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal\/fungicidal concentration (MBC\/MFC) values. The plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas hortorum, Erwinia carotovora, and fungi: Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Phoma strasseri, and Pythium debaryanum were tested. The EOs revealed a stronger inhibitory effect against fungal growth in comparison to bacterial growth (MIC: 0.016\u20132 \u00b5L\/mL for fungi and 0.125\u20134 \u00b5L\/mL for bacteria). Common thyme and Greek oregano EOs indicated stronger antimicrobial power than common oregano EO. These results were associated with the chemical profile of the analysed EOs. The growth of examined bacteria and fungi strains (in particular, X. hortorum, F. culmorum, and P. debaryanum) were negatively correlated with the content of phenolic monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Among the tested strains, P. strasseri turned out to be the most sensitive (MIC 0.016 \u00b5L\/mL) and E. carotovora the most resistant (MIC 0.250\u20134 \u00b5L\/mL) to all investigated EOs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:45:27Z","timestamp":1727675127000},"page":"4617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Activity of Common Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum), and Common Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) Essential Oils against Selected Phytopathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7376-3277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Kosakowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenon","family":"W\u0119glarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Styczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Synowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2282-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Gniewosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"B\u0105czek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The European Council, The Council, and The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2024, January 12). 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