{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:27:49Z","timestamp":1784564869729,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22278085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22278085"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lignin valorisation into chemicals and fuels is of great importance in addressing energy challenges and advancing biorefining in a sustainable manner. In this study, on the basis of the high microwave absorption performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a series of copper-oxide-loaded CNT catalysts (CuO\/CNT) were developed to facilitate the oxidative depolymerization of lignin under microwave heating. This catalyst can promote the activation of hydrogen peroxide and air, effectively generating a range of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Through the application of electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, these ROS generated under different oxidation conditions were detected to elucidate the oxidation mechanism. The results demonstrate that the \u2022OH and O2\u2022\u2212 play a crucial role in the formation of aldehyde and ketone products through the cleavage of lignin C\u03b2-O and C\u03b1-C\u03b2 bonds. We further evaluated the catalytic performance of the CuO\/CNT catalysts with three typical lignin feedstocks to determine their applicability for lignin biorefinery. The bio-enzymatic lignin produced a 13.9% monophenol yield at 200 \u00b0C for 20 min under microwave heating, which was higher than the 7% yield via hydrothermal heating conversion. The selectivity of G-\/H-\/S-type products was slightly affected, while lignin substrate had a noticeable effect on the selective production. Overall, this study explored the structural characteristics of CuO\/CNT catalysts and their implications for lignin conversion and offered an efficient oxidation approach that holds promise for sustainable biorefining practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1728388914000},"page":"4762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Oxidative Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin into Value-Added Monophenols by Carbon Nanotube-Supported Cu-Based Catalysts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute, Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, University of York, York 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UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136815","article-title":"Lignocellulosic Biomass from Agricultural 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