{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:37:30Z","timestamp":1791974250339,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phthalate esters are commonly included in the formulations of cosmetics and related products in order to retain fragrance, enhance flexibility (i.e., by acting as plasticizers), facilitate the dissolution and dispersion of other ingredients, and improve the overall texture and sensory experience of the products. This study aimed to assess the presence and concentrations of phthalates in cosmetics by analyzing a comprehensive set of samples collected over a period of five years (2016\u20132020). The concentrations of nine different phthalate esters (BBP, DEHP, DNOP, DPP, DBP, DIPP, DMEP, DMP and PIPP) in 1110 cosmetics samples from France and Spain were determined by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. The samples were included in five categories: soaps and shampoos; hand and body creams; lip gloss and lipsticks; nail polish; and facial makeup and skincare products. Some of the samples (4.86%) contained at least one phthalate at concentrations above the threshold limit (1 \u00b5g mL\u22121). Variable concentrations of different phthalates were determined in the 54 positive samples identified. DEHP was the most frequently detected phthalate, followed by DBP. The findings revealed different profiles according to the different categories of cosmetics and the phthalates detected in each. The results were critically compared with those obtained in various previous studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29204823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1728892025000},"page":"4823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Phthalate Esters in Different Types of Cosmetic Products: A Five-Year Quality Control Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7178-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Aldegunde-Louzao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic One Health Research Center (ARCUS), Analytical Chemistry Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Lolo-Aira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (AMSlab), R\u00faa do Vidro, 117D, 27003 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Herrero-Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic One Health Research Center (ARCUS), Analytical Chemistry Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104457","article-title":"Phthalate esters in clothing: A review","volume":"108","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122642","article-title":"Analytical methods for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products: A review","volume":"234","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.03.079","article-title":"Multicomponent analytical methodology to control phthalates, synthetic musks, fragrance allergens and preservatives in perfumes","volume":"85","author":"Llompart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics1030171","article-title":"In-vial micro-matrix solid phase dispersion for the analysis of fragrance allergens, preservatives, plasticizers and musks in cosmetics","volume":"1","author":"Celeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00392-8","article-title":"Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: A preliminary analysis","volume":"32","author":"Edwards","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s40201-021-00783-x","article-title":"Evaluation of pollutants in perfumes, colognes and health effects on the consumer: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Kazemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.029","article-title":"Phthalates and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals: The 21st century\u2019s plague for reproductive health","volume":"111","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., and Qian, H. (2021). Phthalates and their impacts on human health. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050603"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.10.011","article-title":"Effects of two environmental endocrine disruptors di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) on human sperm functions in vitro","volume":"83","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virant-Klun, I., Imamovic-Kumalic, S., and Pinter, B. (2022). From oxidative stress to male infertility: Review of the associations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (Bisphenols, Phthalates, and Parabens) with human semen quality. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081617"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.01.013","article-title":"Phthalates in cosmetic and personal care products: Concentrations and possible dermal exposure","volume":"111","author":"Koniecki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10832","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.10832","article-title":"The occurrence, fate, toxicity, and biodegradation of phthalate esters: An overview","volume":"95","author":"Puri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_13.1","unstructured":"European Union (2009). Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_13.2","unstructured":"(EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on Cosmetic Products (Recast). Off. J. Eur. Union, L342, 59-209. Available online: https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2016-11\/cosmetic_1223_2009_regulation_en_0.pdf."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_14.1","unstructured":"European Union (2006). Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_14.2","unstructured":"(EC) No 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 Concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Off. J. Eur. Union, L396, 1-849. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32006R1907."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_15.1","unstructured":"European Union (2008). Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_15.2","unstructured":"(EC) No 1272\/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures. Off. J. Eur. Union, L353, 1-1355. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390490513300","article-title":"Estimated exposure to phthalates in cosmetics and risk assessment","volume":"67","author":"Koo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.09.029","article-title":"A environmentally friendly reversed-phase liquid chromatography method for phthalates determination in nail cosmetics","volume":"555","author":"Orsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14442","DOI":"10.1021\/es4042034","article-title":"A survey of phthalates and parabens in personal care products from the United States and its implications for human exposure","volume":"47","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-017-0774-z","article-title":"Determination of total phthalate in cosmetics using a simple three-phase sample preparation method","volume":"410","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104687","article-title":"Risk assessment of unintentional phthalates contaminants in cosmetics","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200600215","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of seven phthalates and four parabens in cosmetic products using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS methods","volume":"30","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.03.072","article-title":"Separation of phthalates by cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Quantitation in perfumes","volume":"782","author":"Marina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.03.067","article-title":"Analysis of plasticizers and synthetic musks in cosmetic and personal care products by matrix solid-phase dispersion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"1293","author":"Llompart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5267-z","article-title":"Screening of phthalate esters in 47 branded perfumes","volume":"23","author":"Elkhatib","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafa, A., and Shaaban, H. (2023). GC-MS determination of undeclared phthalate esters in commercial fragrances: Occurrence, profiles and assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk associated with their consumption among adult consumers. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041689"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"457","article-title":"A survey of phthalate esters in consumer cosmetic products","volume":"61","author":"Hubinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113194","article-title":"Exposure to phthalates from personal care products: Urinary levels and predictors of exposure","volume":"212","author":"Pagoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aldegunde-Louzao, N., Lolo-Aira, M., and Herrero-Latorre, C. (2023). Quality control in cosmetics: A five-year screening survey on the content of phthalates in colognes. Chem. Proc., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ecsoc-27-16118"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120173","article-title":"Health risks of phthalates: A review of immunotoxicity","volume":"313","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104052","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products","volume":"120","author":"Dodson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1177\/00405175221135619","article-title":"Seven-year-long screening of phthalate esters in clothing and textile products from a quality control laboratory","volume":"93","year":"2023","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2023.2261815","article-title":"Environmental occurrence, human exposure, and endocrine disruption of di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-iso-decyl phthalate: A systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvador, A., and Chisvert, A. (2018). Perfumes in cosmetics: Regulatory aspects and analytical methods. Analysis of Cosmetic Products, Elsevier. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63508-2.00010-2"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(2014). Cosmetics, Analytical Methods. GC\/MS Method for the Identification and Assay of 12 Phthalates in Cosmetic Samples Ready for Analytical Injection (Standard No. UNE EN 16521:2014). Available online: https:\/\/www.en-standard.eu\/une-en-16521-2014-cosmetics-analytical-methods-gc-ms-method-for-the-identification-and-assay-of-12-phthalates-in-cosmetic-samples-ready-for-analytical-injection\/."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Starink, R.J. (2022). Results of Proficiency Test. Phthalates in Textile April 2022, Institute for Interlaboratory Studies. Available online: https:\/\/www.iisnl.com\/pdf\/iis22T03%20Report.pdf."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/20\/4823\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:11:36Z","timestamp":1760112696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/20\/4823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29204823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29204823","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]}}}