{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1788953161821,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":272,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious health condition and represents an important cause of morbidity and, in some cases, mortality due to the lack of effective treatment options. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 out of 10 people with VTE will have recurrence of a clotting event within ten years, presenting a significant unmet medical need. For some VTE patients, symptoms can last longer and have a higher than average risk of serious complications; in contrast, others may experience complications arising from insufficient therapies. People with VTE are initially treated with anticoagulants to prevent conditions such as stroke and to reduce the recurrence of VTE. However, thrombolytic therapy is used for people with pulmonary embolism (PE) experiencing low blood pressure or in severe cases of DVT. New drugs are under development, with the aim to ensure they are safe and effective, and may provide an additional option for the treatment of VTE. In this review, we summarize all ongoing trials evaluating anticoagulant interventions in VTE listed in clinicaltrials.gov, clarifying their underlying mechanisms and evaluating whether they prevent the progression of DVT to PE and recurrence of thrombosis. Moreover, this review summarizes the available evidence that supports the use of antiplatelet therapy for VTE. Since thrombolytic agents would cause off-target effects, targeted drug delivery platforms are used to develop various therapeutics for thrombotic diseases. We discuss the recent advances achieved with thrombus-targeting nanocarriers as well as the major challenges associated with the use of nanoparticle-based therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29204883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T09:12:50Z","timestamp":1728983570000},"page":"4883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Overview of Venous Thromboembolism and Emerging Therapeutic Technologies Based on Nanocarriers-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Masoud","family":"Salavati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7243-6573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Arabshomali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-2786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasan","family":"Nouranian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Shariat-Madar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.025","article-title":"Public health surveillance of nonmalignant blood disorders","volume":"47","author":"Beckman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306841","article-title":"Global Burden of Thrombosis: Epidemiologic Aspects","volume":"118","author":"Wendelboe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00787-6","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of venous thromboembolism","volume":"20","author":"Lutsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009107","article-title":"30-Year Mortality After Venous Thromboembolism","volume":"130","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x","article-title":"Virchow and his triad: A question of attribution","volume":"143","author":"Bagot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"250","article-title":"Pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism","volume":"17","author":"Nielsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001830","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2020 Guidelines for Management of Venous Thromboembolism: Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"4","author":"Ortel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000561","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome increases risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence after acute deep vein thrombosis","volume":"4","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10760296221121282","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296221121282","article-title":"Association Between Blood Lipid Levels and Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, R., Feng, R., Jiang, S., Chang, G., Hu, Z., Yao, C., Jia, B., Wang, S., and Wang, S. (2022). Stent patency rates and prognostic factors of endovascular intervention for iliofemoral vein occlusion in post-thrombotic syndrome. BMC Surg., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-022-01714-9"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420020066008","article-title":"Acquired risk factors for deep-vein thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients","volume":"154","author":"Cogo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-015-0064-y","article-title":"Genetic risk factors in patients with deep venous thrombosis, a retrospective case control study on Iranian population","volume":"13","author":"Hosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62394-5","article-title":"Von Willebrand Factor: Structure and Function","volume":"66","author":"Meyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-315473","article-title":"Genetic variation associated with plasma von Willebrand factor levels and the risk of incident venous thrombosis","volume":"117","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-015-1311-6","article-title":"The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism","volume":"41","author":"Heit","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072753","article-title":"Acute Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"358","author":"Tapson","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism","volume":"18","author":"Dytrych","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1508-z","article-title":"Investigation on genetic thrombophilic factors in FFPE autopsy tissue from subjects who died from pulmonary embolism","volume":"131","author":"Brandimarti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02441-7","article-title":"Genetic association study of fatal pulmonary embolism","volume":"135","author":"Hagemeier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.12.004","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"125","author":"Piazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01052892","article-title":"Thromboembolic complications associated with brain tumors","volume":"22","author":"Sawaya","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.02.031","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and cancer: Current and future role of direct-acting oral anticoagulants","volume":"177","author":"Vedovati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2178-6508","article-title":"Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF S2k Guideline","volume":"44","author":"Riess","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.12.1292","article-title":"Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"30","author":"Kiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.61.4.263","article-title":"Medical aspects of pregnancy","volume":"61","author":"Jaff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clevel. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raia-Barjat, T., Edebiri, O., and Chauleur, C. (2022). Venous Thromboembolism Risk Score and Pregnancy. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.863612"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110190","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher relative risk for venous thromboembolism in females than in males","volume":"194","author":"Deischinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110156","article-title":"Impact of diabetes status and related factors on COVID-19-associated hospitalization: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 116,370 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"194","author":"Tallon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.02.002","article-title":"Increased Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism with Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Roopkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2009.01.001","article-title":"Thrombosis associated with angiogenesis inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Elice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302998","article-title":"Antiangiogenic Therapy Inhibits Venous Thrombus Resolution","volume":"34","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4865","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.3875","article-title":"Thrombotic events in patients with cancer receiving antiangiogenesis agents","volume":"27","author":"Zangari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.141911","article-title":"Role of the Extrinsic Pathway of Blood Coagulation in Hemostasis and Thrombosis","volume":"27","author":"Mackman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.698613","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Enhanced Activity in Factor VIIa-Trypsin Variants Conveys Insights into Tissue Factor-mediated Allosteric Regulation of Factor VIIa Activity","volume":"291","author":"Sorensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615947","article-title":"A cell-based model of hemostasis","volume":"85","author":"Hoffman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(03)90000-2","article-title":"A cell-based model of coagulation and the role of factor VIIa","volume":"17","author":"Hoffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.018","article-title":"Cell-free histones and the cell-based model of coagulation","volume":"21","author":"Yong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-021-02455-x","article-title":"Factor Xa inhibitors: Critical considerations for clinical development and testing","volume":"52","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hvas, C.L., and Larsen, J.B. (2023). The Fibrinolytic System and Its Measurement: History, Current Uses and Future Directions for Diagnosis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814179"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0397-x","article-title":"Therapeutics targeting the fibrinolytic system","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sillen, M., and Declerck, P.J. (2021). A Narrative Review on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Its (Patho)Physiological Role: To Target or Not to Target?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052721"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02453.x","article-title":"C1-inhibitor prevents non-specific plasminogen activation by a prourokinase mutant without impeding fibrin-specific fibrinolysis","volume":"5","author":"Pannell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.129.2.315","article-title":"The inhibition of plasmin, plasma kallikrein, plasma permeability factor, and the C\u20191r subcomponent of the first component of complement by serum C\u20191 esterase inhibitor","volume":"129","author":"Ratnoff","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000244680.14653.9a","article-title":"Regulation of Fibrinolysis by Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, an Unstable Carboxypeptidase B That Unites the Pathways of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis","volume":"26","author":"Mosnier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sillen, M., and Declerck, P.J. (2021). Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI): An Updated Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073670"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.305996","article-title":"Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor","volume":"36","author":"Mast","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000168421.13467.82","article-title":"Regulation of Blood Coagulation by the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway","volume":"25","author":"Villoutreix","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.318213","article-title":"Antithrombin, Protein C, and Protein S: Genome and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies Identify 7 Novel Loci Regulating Plasma Levels","volume":"43","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2012.07.003","article-title":"Endogenous anticoagulants","volume":"27","author":"Kubier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grover, S.P., and Mackman, N. (2022). Anticoagulant SERPINs: Endogenous Regulators of Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.878199"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arble, E., and Arnetz, B.B. (2021). Anticoagulants and the Hemostatic System: A Primer for Occupational Stress Researchers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010626"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14609","article-title":"The potential of serpins for future treatment for haemophilia","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D., Bresette, C., Liu, Z., and Ku, D.N. (2019). Occlusive thrombosis in arteries. APL Bioeng., 3.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5115554"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315754","article-title":"Thrombus Structural Composition in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"41","author":"Alkarithi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60229","article-title":"New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis","volume":"122","author":"Mackman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800521028","article-title":"The iliac compression syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Cockett","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.2310\/6670.2009.00027","article-title":"May-Thurner syndrome: Case report and review of the literature involving modern endovascular therapy","volume":"17","author":"Moudgill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heestermans, M., Poenou, G., Duchez, A.C., Hamzeh-Cognasse, H., Bertoletti, L., and Cognasse, F. (2022). Immunothrombosis and the Role of Platelets in Venous Thromboembolic Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113176"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mereweather, L.J., Constantinescu-Bercu, A., Crawley, J.T.B., and Salles-Crawley, I.I. (2023). Platelet\u2013Neutrophil Crosstalk in Thrombosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021266"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"426","article-title":"Anticoagulation: Updated Guidelines for Outpatient Management","volume":"100","author":"Wigle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2022.101483","article-title":"Present Knowledge on Direct Oral Anticoagulant and Novel Oral Anti Coagulants and Their Specific Antidotes: A Comprehensive Review Article","volume":"48","author":"Biswas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e066785","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066785","article-title":"Benefits and harms of direct oral anticoagulation and low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"376","author":"Marcucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.037","article-title":"Acceptance of a potential major bleeding among patients with venous thromboembolism on long-term oral anticoagulation: The knowledge of the disease and therapy matters","volume":"193","author":"Konieczynska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25475","article-title":"Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants: Guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum","volume":"94","author":"Cuker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12992","article-title":"Latest advances in the reversal strategies for direct oral anticoagulants","volume":"38","author":"Escal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.03.056","article-title":"Specific antidotes against direct oral anticoagulants: A comprehensive review of clinical trials data","volume":"214","author":"Tummala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kustos, S.A., and Fasinu, P.S. (2019). Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and Their Reversal Agents\u2014An Update. Medicines, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6040103"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.12.017","article-title":"Predictors of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"199","author":"Achebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"e42","article-title":"Acute Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"114","author":"Piazza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"CD012369","article-title":"Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis","volume":"7","author":"Flumignan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020000150","article-title":"Does aspirin prevent venous thromboembolism?","volume":"2020","author":"Diep","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antiplatelet Trialists\u2019 Collaboration (1994). Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy--III: Reduction in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. BMJ, 308, 235\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6923.235"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.100615","article-title":"From multi-target anticoagulants to DOACs, and intrinsic coagulation factor inhibitors","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2013.06.050","article-title":"Impact of initial clinical presentation on clopidogrel low response","volume":"106","author":"Landel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.03.020","article-title":"Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis in arterial and venous peripheral occlusions: Fibrinogen level effects","volume":"21","author":"Raabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.H., Zhu, X.Y., Fan, L.H., and Xu, H.F. (2024). Pulmonary embolism in patients with chronic coronary syndrome masquerading as acute coronary syndrome: A case report and literature review. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03998-6"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102635","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of P2Y(12) monotherapy vs standard DAPT in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"49","author":"Casula","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-3498","article-title":"Diabetes-Related Complications and Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Different Oral Anticoagulants","volume":"175","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.05.032","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"95","author":"Lip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23196","article-title":"Anticoagulation in chronic kidney disease: From guidelines to clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Aursulesei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000535546","article-title":"Anticoagulation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"55","author":"Elenjickal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1031","article-title":"Anticoagulation in Concomitant Chronic Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"74","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01581-x","article-title":"Managing thrombotic risk in patients with diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Camm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.03.033","article-title":"Platelets, inflammation, and purinergic receptors in chronic kidney disease","volume":"106","author":"Corken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.035","article-title":"Arterial and venous thrombosis: What\u2019s the link? A narrative review","volume":"191","author":"Delluc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-011-0607-4","article-title":"Pulmonary thromboembolism in an East African tertiary referral hospital","volume":"32","author":"Obimbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2345883","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.45883","article-title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty","volume":"6","author":"Simon","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, A., and Al-Horani, R.A. (2023). Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Major Orthopedic Surgeries and Factor XIa Inhibitors. Med. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci11030049"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24230","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024230","article-title":"Delayed pulmonary embolism after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case report","volume":"100","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, D., Li, L., Li, Y., Liu, X., Chen, H., Wu, N., and Sun, G. (2022). Fondaparinux sodium and low molecular weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in Chinese patients with major orthopedic surgery or trauma: A real-world study. BMC Surg., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-022-01652-6"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"213","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy for Heart Failure in Sinus Rhythm\u2014A Concise Review","volume":"77","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"SD MED"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.07.040","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report","volume":"154","author":"Lip","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilic, I., Radunovic, A., Timcic, S., Odanovic, N., Radoicic, D., Dukuljev, N., Krljanac, G., Otasevic, P., and Apostolovic, S. (2023). Drugs for spontaneous coronary dissection: A few untrusted options. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1275725"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2017219837","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-219837","article-title":"Use of low-dose thrombolytics for treatment of intracardiac thrombus and massive pulmonary embolus after aborted liver transplant leads to recovery of right ventricular function and redo liver transplantation","volume":"2017","author":"Kafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2023.11.006","article-title":"Recurrent venous thromboembolism in anticoagulated cancer patients: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"117","author":"Bertoletti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-0552-9","article-title":"Recurrent venous thromboembolism in primary membranous nephropathy despite direct Xa inhibitor therapy","volume":"32","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, Y., Hu, Y., and Tang, L. (2023). Factor XIa Inhibitors as a Novel Anticoagulation Target: Recent Clinical Research Advances. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060866"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.310588","article-title":"Anticoagulant Protein S Targets the Factor IXa Heparin-Binding Exosite to Prevent Thrombosis","volume":"38","author":"Plautz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000603","article-title":"The rebirth of the contact pathway: A new therapeutic target","volume":"27","author":"Srivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(16)30354-1","article-title":"The hemostatic role of factor XI","volume":"141","author":"Puy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.59873","article-title":"Activated Factor XI is Increased in Plasma in Response to Surgical Trauma but not to Recombinant Activated FVII-Induced Thrombin Formation","volume":"29","author":"Friemann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-604587","article-title":"Activated factor XI increases the procoagulant activity of the extrinsic pathway by inactivating tissue factor pathway inhibitor","volume":"125","author":"Puy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.02849.x","article-title":"A viable mouse model of factor X deficiency provides evidence for maternal transfer of factor X","volume":"6","author":"Tai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304488","article-title":"Thrombosis: A major contributor to global disease burden","volume":"34","author":"Raskob","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062353","article-title":"Pharmacology and Clinical Development of Factor XI Inhibitors","volume":"147","author":"Greco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"49","article-title":"Factor XI and XIa inhibition: A new approach to anticoagulant therapy","volume":"31","author":"Sammut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.318781","article-title":"New Therapeutic Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism with a Focus on Factor XI Inhibitors","volume":"43","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061132","article-title":"What Is the Future of Factor XI Inhibitors?","volume":"146","author":"Weitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae002","article-title":"Pharmacological and clinical appraisal of factor XI inhibitor drugs","volume":"10","author":"Occhipinti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-024-00352-x","article-title":"Factor XI Inhibitors: A New Horizon in Anticoagulation Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Presume","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campello, E., Simioni, P., Prandoni, P., and Ferri, N. (2022). Clinical Pharmacology of Factor XI Inhibitors: New Therapeutic Approaches for Prevention of Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Disorders. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216314"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.11.8.1103","article-title":"P-selectin: A common therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and tumour metastasis","volume":"11","author":"Ludwig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2015.1064881","article-title":"The role of platelets in the recruitment of leukocytes during vascular disease","volume":"26","author":"Chimen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanov, I.I., Apta, B.H.R., Bonna, A.M., and Harper, M.T. (2019). Platelet P-selectin triggers rapid surface exposure of tissue factor in monocytes. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49635-7"},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Sankyo, D. (2024, July 24). Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics\/Dynamics of DS-1040b in Subjects with Acute Submassive Pulmonary Embolism. ClinicalTrials.Gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02923115."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13658","article-title":"A first-in-human study of DS-1040, an inhibitor of the activated form of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, in healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Janssen Research & Development, L. (2024, July 24). A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous JNJ-64179375 Versus Oral Apixaban in Participants Undergoing Elective Total Knee Replacement Surgery (TEXT-TKR). Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03251482."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy227","article-title":"Exosite 1 thrombin inhibition with JNJ-64179375 inhibits thrombus formation in a human translational model of thrombosis","volume":"115","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_119","unstructured":"Corporation, T.P. (2024, July 24). Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of SelK2 to Prevent Blood Clots in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement. ClinicalTrials.Gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03812328."},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"Zwicker, J. (2024, July 24). Cancer Associated Thrombosis and Isoquercetin (CATIQ). ClinicalTrials.Gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02195232."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13866","article-title":"Update on platelet procoagulant mechanisms in health and in bleeding disorders","volume":"44","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0595","article-title":"Recessively inherited coagulation disorders","volume":"104","author":"Mannucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-023-00532-0","article-title":"Application and risk prediction of thrombolytic therapy in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: A review","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, Q., and Dou, H. (2021). Thrombus-Targeting Polymeric Nanocarriers and Their Biomedical Applications in Thrombolytic Therapy. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.763085"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshawwa, S.Z., Kassem, A.A., Farid, R.M., Mostafa, S.K., and Labib, G.S. (2022). Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems: Characterization, Limitations, Future Perspectives and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040883"},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"FDA (2024, July 24). Considering Whether an FDA-Regulated Product Involves the Application of Nanotechnology, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/considering-whether-fda-regulated-product-involves-application-nanotechnology."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.12.037","article-title":"Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration","volume":"29","author":"Hagens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares, S., Sousa, J., Pais, A., and Vitorino, C. (2018). Nanomedicine: Principles, Properties, and Regulatory Issues. Front. Chem., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00360"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8251","DOI":"10.1021\/jp801293a","article-title":"Spontaneous formation of functionalized dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles","volume":"112","author":"Shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patra, J.K., Das, G., Fraceto, L.F., Campos, E.V.R., Rodriguez-Torres, M.d.P., Acosta-Torres, L.S., Diaz-Torres, L.A., Grillo, R., Swamy, M.K., and Sharma, S. (2018). Nano based drug delivery systems: Recent developments and future prospects. J. Nanobiotechnol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0392-8"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.09.017","article-title":"Site-specific PEGylation of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator","volume":"192","author":"Meiners","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(86)90359-2","article-title":"Studies on the effect of PEG-modified urokinase on coagulation-fibrinolysis using beagles","volume":"41","author":"Sakuragawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111715","article-title":"A nonantigenic covalent streptokinase-polyethylene glycol complex with plasminogen activator function","volume":"75","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"137","article-title":"Pegylation of recombinant mutein streptokinase from overproduction in escherchia coli BL21 and study on the fibrinolityc activity in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Rachmawati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmu068","article-title":"Effect of site-specific PEGylation on the fibrinolytic activity, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics of staphylokinase","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.7b00770","article-title":"Conjugation with Eight-Arm PEG Markedly Improves the In Vitro Activity and Prolongs the Blood Circulation of Staphylokinase","volume":"29","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22160","article-title":"Inhalable liposomes of low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism","volume":"99","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653802","article-title":"Thrombolytic Treatment with Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Containing Liposomes in Rabbits: A Comparison with Free t-PA","volume":"73","author":"Heeremans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"A12047","article-title":"Abstract 12047: Thrombin-inhibiting Liposomes for Safe, Site-specific Inhibition of Acute Thrombosis","volume":"126","author":"Palekar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4168","DOI":"10.1021\/mp400210q","article-title":"Thrombin-Targeted Liposomes Establish a Sustained Localized Anticlotting Barrier against Acute Thrombosis","volume":"10","author":"Palekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2021.1879315","article-title":"Targeted nano-delivery strategies for facilitating thrombolysis treatment in ischemic stroke","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2018.1384464","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator-based nanothrombolysis for ischemic stroke","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.70001","article-title":"Theranostic nanoparticles for the management of thrombosis","volume":"12","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"102","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of urokinase-loaded hollow nanogels for sonothrombolysis on suture embolization-induced acute ischemic stroke rat model","volume":"3","author":"Teng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701824","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201701824","article-title":"Near-Infrared Triggered Release of uPA from Nanospheres for Localized Hyperthermia-Enhanced Thrombolysis","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.11.010","article-title":"Thrombolytic efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator-loaded echogenic liposomes in a rabbit thrombus model","volume":"130","author":"Laing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandadai, M.A., Mukherjee, P., Shekhar, H., Shaw, G.J., Papautsky, I., and Holland, C.K. (2016). Microfluidic manufacture of rt-PA -loaded echogenic liposomes. Biomed. Microdevices, 18.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-016-0072-0"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB02579F","article-title":"Magnetically controlled release of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator from chitosan nanocomposites for targeted thrombolysis","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2023.101750","article-title":"Gold-iron oxide nanoparticle: A unique multimodal theranostic approach for thrombosis","volume":"31","author":"Fithri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.02.011","article-title":"Targeted thrombolysis of tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase with extracellular biosynthesis nanoparticles using optimized Streptococcus equi supernatant","volume":"501","author":"Tadayon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.01.008","article-title":"Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis with tPA-loaded echogenic liposomes","volume":"124","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12321","article-title":"Thrombus-targeted perfluorocarbon-containing liposomal bubbles for enhancement of ultrasonic thrombolysis: In vitro and in vivo study","volume":"11","author":"Hagisawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2001647","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202001647","article-title":"Thrombolytic Agents: Nanocarriers in Controlled Release","volume":"16","author":"Hassanpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780.4","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.28.1_supplement.780.4","article-title":"Creation of tPA conjugated dendrimer nanoparticles (780.4)","volume":"28","author":"Paliwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4677","article-title":"A nattokinase carrier bonding with polyglutamic acid peptide dendrimer for improved thrombolysis","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36232","article-title":"Construction of polylysine dendrimer nanocomposites carrying nattokinase and their application in thrombolysis","volume":"106","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20849","article-title":"Dendrimers as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of enoxaparin, a low-molecular weight heparin","volume":"96","author":"Bai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.1021\/nn303472r","article-title":"Cationic PAMAM dendrimers aggressively initiate blood clot formation","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303717","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303717","article-title":"Shear-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems in Medical Devices: Focus on Thrombosis and Bleeding","volume":"33","author":"Carberry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-453498","article-title":"Advanced drug delivery systems for antithrombotic agents","volume":"122","author":"Greineder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217815","article-title":"Shear-activated nanotherapeutics for drug targeting to obstructed blood vessels","volume":"337","author":"Korin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2886","article-title":"Targeted Drug Delivery to Flow-Obstructed Blood Vessels Using Mechanically Activated Nanotherapeutics","volume":"72","author":"Korin","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011063","article-title":"Shear-Activated Nanoparticle Aggregates Combined with Temporary Endovascular Bypass to Treat Large Vessel Occlusion","volume":"46","author":"Marosfoi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1905145","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201905145","article-title":"Engineered Nanoplatelets for Targeted Delivery of Plasminogen Activators to Reverse Thrombus in Multiple Mouse Thrombosis Models","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(05)03575-0","article-title":"PEGylation, successful approach to drug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Veronese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114079","article-title":"To PEGylate or not to PEGylate: Immunological properties of nanomedicine\u2019s most popular component, polyethylene glycol and its alternatives","volume":"180","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez, M.L.A., Bindini, E., Moretti, P., Soler Illia, G., Amenitsch, H., Andreozzi, P., Ortore, M.G., and Moya, S.E. (2022). Impact of PEGylation on the degradation and pore organization in mesoporous silica nanoparticles: A study of the inner mesoporous structure in physiologically relevant ionic conditions. Coll. Surf. B Biointerfaces, 219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112797"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1021\/mp400117m","article-title":"PEGylated bile acids for use in drug delivery systems: Enhanced solubility and bioavailability of itraconazole","volume":"10","author":"Strandman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajbhiye, K.R., Pawar, A., Mahadik, K.R., and Gajbhiye, V. (2020). PEGylated nanocarriers: A promising tool for targeted delivery to the brain. Coll. Surf. B Biointerfaces, 187.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110770"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonnell, T.C.R., Willis, R., Pericleous, C., Ripoll, V.M., Giles, I.P., Isenberg, D.A., Brasier, A.R., Gonzalez, E.B., Papalardo, E., and Romay-Penabad, Z. (2018). PEGylated Domain I of Beta-2-Glycoprotein I Inhibits the Binding, Coagulopathic, and Thrombogenic Properties of IgG From Patients with the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02413"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b13-00661","article-title":"Discussion about several potential drawbacks of PEGylated therapeutic proteins","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35470","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02897","article-title":"An Update on Strategies to Deliver Protein and Peptide Drugs to the Eye","volume":"8","author":"Boddu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101165","article-title":"Enhanced thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-loaded PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles for ischemic stroke","volume":"53","author":"Zamanlu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00865-2","article-title":"Combination of Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Urokinase Nanogels and Urokinase for Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutic Implications","volume":"12","author":"Nan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-1897-1","article-title":"An In Vitro Thrombolysis Study Using a Mixture of Fast-Acting and Slower Release Microspheres","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e09394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09394","article-title":"Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications","volume":"8","author":"Nsairat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.017","article-title":"Cholesterol modulates the liposome membrane fluidity and permeability for a hydrophilic molecule","volume":"113","author":"Kaddah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08934","article-title":"Liposome-polymer complex for drug delivery system and vaccine stabilization","volume":"8","author":"Sriwidodo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18497","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009385117","article-title":"Cryo-EM analysis of a membrane protein embedded in the liposome","volume":"117","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamichhane, N., Udayakumar, T.S., D\u2019Souza, W.D., Simone, C.B., Raghavan, S.R., Polf, J., and Mahmood, J. (2018). Liposomes: Clinical Applications and Potential for Image-Guided Drug Delivery. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23020288"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(97)78066-4","article-title":"Effect of polyethyleneglycol-phospholipids on aggregate structure in preparations of small unilamellar liposomes","volume":"73","author":"Edwards","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd892","article-title":"The druggable genome","volume":"1","author":"Hopkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Li, X., and Zhao, C. (2020). Strategies to Obtain Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Small Hydrophilic Molecules. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00437"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Li, W., Wang, Z., and Lu, J. (2024). Lipid-Based Nanotechnology: Liposome. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16010034"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1517\/17425240802497457","article-title":"Liposomes for targeted delivery of antithrombotic drugs","volume":"5","author":"Elbayoumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv360","article-title":"Staphylokinase control of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and detachment through host plasminogen activation","volume":"213","author":"Kwiecinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.T., and Vogel, H.J. (2016). Staphylokinase has distinct modes of interaction with antimicrobial peptides, modulating its plasminogen-activation properties. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31817"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.991428","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive liposome-mediated delivery of thrombolytic agents","volume":"31","author":"Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070022","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070022","article-title":"Anticoagulants for thrombosis prophylaxis in acutely ill patients admitted to hospital: Systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"378","author":"Eck","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3109\/10717549809065756","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin-conjugated liposomes with improved stability and hemocompatibility","volume":"5","author":"Kose","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.097","article-title":"Topical delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin with surface-charged flexible liposomes","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.01.025","article-title":"Sudden death after intravenous administration of a perflutren contrast agent: A case of pseudocomplication?","volume":"22","author":"Mahjoub","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005459","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005459","article-title":"Safety with Echocardiographic Contrast Agents","volume":"10","author":"Muskula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1021\/la2043944","article-title":"Effects of perfluorocarbon gases on the size and stability characteristics of phospholipid-coated microbubbles: Osmotic effect versus interfacial film stabilization","volume":"28","author":"Szijjarto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4621","article-title":"Gas vesicles enable ultrasound imaging","volume":"15","author":"Schnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy, S.R., Lafond, M., Haworth, K.J., Escudero, D.S., Ionascu, D., Frierson, B., Huang, S., Klegerman, M.E., Peng, T., and McPherson, D.D. (2023). Initiating and imaging cavitation from infused echo contrast agents through the EkoSonic catheter. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33164-5"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.08.009","article-title":"Ultrasound-triggered release of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator from echogenic liposomes","volume":"36","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.03.003","article-title":"Liposomes in ultrasonic drug and gene delivery","volume":"60","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/10611860601140673","article-title":"Fibrin targeting of tissue plasminogen activator-loaded echogenic liposomes","volume":"15","author":"Buchanan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2942738","article-title":"Echogenic liposomes loaded with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for image-guided, ultrasound-triggered drug release","volume":"122","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"755","article-title":"Echogenic Lipsomes for Targeted Drug Delivery","volume":"2009","author":"Holland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Biomed. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1923","article-title":"Complement: A key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Ricklin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1021\/ar200084x","article-title":"Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: A versatile platform for targeted molecular imaging, molecular diagnostics, and therapy","volume":"44","author":"Tassa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2014.11.009","article-title":"Combining magnetic nanoparticles with cell derived microvesicles for drug loading and targeting","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.868434","article-title":"Properties, characteristics and applications of microbubbles for sonothrombolysis","volume":"11","author":"Crake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.212589","article-title":"Magnetic targeting enhances engraftment and functional benefit of iron-labeled cardiosphere-derived cells in myocardial infarction","volume":"106","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717737320","article-title":"Magnetic Targeting of Stem Cell Derivatives Enhances Hepatic Engraftment into Structurally Normal Liver","volume":"26","author":"Fagg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24453","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c03134","article-title":"Targeted Thrombolytic Therapy with Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Carbon Based Platforms with Multimodal Capabilities","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b09277","article-title":"Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound-Responsive Phase-Transitional Nanoparticles for Thrombolysis without Vascular Damage: A Synergistic Nonpharmaceutical Strategy","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Liu, C., and Pang, Z. (2019). Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Targeting. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120790"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, H., Deng, X., Wang, F., Xu, P., and Wang, N. (2023). Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Drugs Obtained from Natural Products. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15102292"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shadrack, D.M., Swai, H.S., Munissi, J.J.E., Mubofu, E.B., and Nyandoro, S.S. (2018). Polyamidoamine Dendrimers for Enhanced Solubility of Small Molecules and Other Desirable Properties for Site Specific Delivery: Insights from Experimental and Computational Studies. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061419"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1978-24702","article-title":"\u201cCascade\u201d-and \u201cnonskid-chain-like\u201d syntheses of molecular cavity topologies","volume":"2","author":"Buhleier","year":"1978","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1295\/polymj.17.117","article-title":"A New Class of Polymers: Starburst-Dendritic Macromolecules","volume":"17","author":"Tomalia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/pj.2012.39","article-title":"Dendrimer-based bionanomaterials produced by surface modification, assembly and hybrid formation","volume":"44","author":"Kono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.09.018","article-title":"Dendrimers in biomedical applications--reflections on the field","volume":"57","author":"Svenson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2016-0244","article-title":"Folic acid-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer mediates selective uptake and high expression of genes in head and neck cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daralnakhla, H., Saher, O., Zamolo, S., Bazaz, S., Bost, J.P., Heitz, M., Lundin, K.E., El Andaloussi, S., Darbre, T., and Reymond, J.-L. (2021). Lipophilic Peptide Dendrimers for Delivery of Splice-Switching Oligonucleotides. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010116"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcinkowska, M., Sobierajska, E., Stanczyk, M., Janaszewska, A., Chworos, A., and Klajnert-Maculewicz, B. (2018). Conjugate of PAMAM Dendrimer, Doxorubicin and Monoclonal Antibody-Trastuzumab: The New Approach of a Well-Known Strategy. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10020187"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.07.018","article-title":"Glycosylation of PAMAM dendrimers significantly improves tumor macrophage targeting and specificity in glioblastoma","volume":"337","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1021\/mp2006054","article-title":"Cationic PAMAM dendrimers disrupt key platelet functions","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aisina, R., Mukhametova, L., and Ivanova, E. (2020). Influence cationic and anionic PAMAM dendrimers of low generation on selected hemostatic parameters in vitro. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl., 109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110605"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1021\/mp100104x","article-title":"Biological assessment of triazine dendrimer: Toxicological profiles, solution behavior, biodistribution, drug release and efficacy in a PEGylated, paclitaxel construct","volume":"7","author":"Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2021.2021094","article-title":"Effects and treatment applications of polymeric nanoparticles on improving platelets\u2019 storage time: A review of the literature from 2010 to 2020","volume":"56","author":"Mehrizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Res."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36375","article-title":"Multiarm-polyethylene glycol-polyglutamic acid peptide dendrimer: Design, synthesis, and dissolving thrombus","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6b01604","article-title":"Hydrogels for Therapeutic Delivery: Current Developments and Future Directions","volume":"18","author":"Buwalda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34878-2","article-title":"Functionally integrating nanoparticles alleviate deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy and rescue intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11855.x","article-title":"Factors controlling thrombus formation on arterial lesions","volume":"454","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.10.2.276","article-title":"Collagen type III induced ex vivo thrombogenesis in humans. Role of platelets and leukocytes in deposition of fibrin","volume":"10","author":"Sakariassen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Fso30","DOI":"10.4155\/fso.15.28","article-title":"The impact of blood shear rate on arterial thrombus formation","volume":"1","author":"Sakariassen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Rooij, B.J.M., Z\u00e1vodszky, G., Hoekstra, A.G., and Ku, D.N. (2020). Biorheology of occlusive thrombi formation under high shear: In vitro growth and shrinkage. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74518-7"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101186","article-title":"Shear force responsive and fixed-point separated system for targeted treatment of arterial thrombus","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-12-1067","article-title":"The role of platelets in inflammation","volume":"114","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.225169","article-title":"Targeting P-Selectin Adhesion Molecule in Molecular Imaging: P-Selectin Expression as a Valuable Imaging Biomarker of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"60","author":"Perkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kappelmayer, J., and Nagy, B. (2017). The Interaction of Selectins and PSGL-1 as a Key Component in Thrombus Formation and Cancer Progression. Biomed. Res. Int., 2017.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6138145"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arabshomali, A., Bazzazzadehgan, S., Mahdi, F., and Shariat-Madar, Z. (2023). Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207209"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00552-1","article-title":"Interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in cardiovascular pathology","volume":"18","author":"Stark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/185117a0","article-title":"Hydrophilic gels for biological use","volume":"185","author":"Wichterle","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41428-020-0352-7","article-title":"Biofunctional hydrogels based on host\u2013guest interactions","volume":"52","author":"Sinawang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.0c00335","article-title":"Preferential control of forward reaction kinetics in hydrogels crosslinked with reversible conjugate additions","volume":"53","author":"FitzSimons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00279","article-title":"Competitive Supramolecular Associations Mediate the Viscoelasticity of Binary Hydrogels","volume":"6","author":"Vereroudakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4066","article-title":"Ultrasoft microgels displaying emergent platelet-like behaviours","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24095","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c03324","article-title":"Hydrogel-Based Oxygen and Drug Delivery Dressing for Improved Wound Healing","volume":"9","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clegg, J.R., Adebowale, K., Zhao, Z., and Mitragotri, S. (2024). Hydrogels in the clinic: An update. Bioeng. Transl. Med., e10680. early views.","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10680"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrgie, A.T., Darge, H.F., Mekonnen, T.W., Birhan, Y.S., Hanurry, E.Y., Chou, H.Y., Wang, C.F., Tsai, H.C., Yang, J.M., and Chang, Y.H. (2020). Ibuprofen-Loaded Heparin Modified Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Inhibiting Excessive Inflammation and Promoting Wound Healing. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112619"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33584","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c09889","article-title":"Inflammation-Responsive Drug-Loaded Hydrogels with Sequential Hemostasis, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Behavior for Chronically Infected Diabetic Wound Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Ren, Y., He, Y., Chang, R., Guo, S., Ma, S., Guan, F., and Yao, M. (2022). In situ forming and biocompatible hyaluronic acid hydrogel with reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity to improve traumatic brain injury repair by suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Mater. Today Bio, 15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100278"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5371","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20940g","article-title":"Injectable biodegradable hydrogels: Progress and challenges","volume":"1","author":"Bae","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200157d","article-title":"Hydrogels for Protein Delivery","volume":"112","author":"Vermonden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03705-y","article-title":"Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Wang, X., Xu, W., Li, Y., Lai, R., Qiu, X., Chen, X., Chen, Z., Mi, B., and Wu, M. (2023). Translational Challenges and Prospective Solutions in the Implementation of Biomimetic Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.1912.v1"},{"key":"ref_252","first-page":"789","article-title":"Ultramicroscopic changes in the rabbit inferior vena cava following partial constriction","volume":"51","author":"Spaet","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-705434","article-title":"Maternal extracellular vesicles and platelets promote preeclampsia via inflammasome activation in trophoblasts","volume":"128","author":"Kohli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tru.2021.100072","article-title":"Crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation: Focus on pregnancy related complications","volume":"5","author":"Kohli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. Update"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.251314","article-title":"Complement C3 and High Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: 80517 Individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study","volume":"62","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.010","article-title":"Immune Factors in Deep Vein Thrombosis Initiation","volume":"39","author":"Budnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amalia, M., Puteri, M.U., Saputri, F.C., Sauriasari, R., and Widyantoro, B. (2023). Platelet Glycoprotein-Ib (GPIb) May Serve as a Bridge between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Atherosclerosis, Making It a Potential Target for Antiplatelet Agents in T2DM Patients. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13071473"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0110-0","article-title":"Platelet biology and functions: New concepts and clinical perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.35.2000225","article-title":"Evidence-base for aspirin as venous thromboembolic prophylaxis following joint replacement","volume":"3","author":"Jameson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denorme, F., Vanhoorelbeke, K., and De Meyer, S.F. (2019). von Willebrand Factor and Platelet Glycoprotein Ib: A Thromboinflammatory Axis in Stroke. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02884"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115124","article-title":"The role of von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen in platelet aggregation under varying shear stress","volume":"87","author":"Ikeda","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.6.1859","article-title":"Epinephrine augments von Willebrand factor-dependent shear-induced platelet aggregation","volume":"86","author":"Goto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000966","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide promotes aging-related platelet hyperactivation and thrombosis","volume":"127","author":"Dayal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703943","article-title":"Platelet GPIIb\/IIIa binding characteristics of small molecule RGD mimetic: Distinct binding profile for Roxifiban","volume":"133","author":"Mousa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.150474","article-title":"Cell Adhesion Mechanisms in Platelets","volume":"28","author":"Pleines","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00349.x","article-title":"Different effects of various anti-GPIIb-IIIa agents on shear-induced platelet activation and expression of procoagulant activity","volume":"1","author":"Goto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200800582","article-title":"Biocompatible polymer-nanoparticle-based bimodal imaging contrast agents for the labeling and tracking of dendritic cells","volume":"4","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.08.030","article-title":"Platelet membrane-functionalized nanoparticles with improved targeting ability and lower hemorrhagic risk for thrombolysis therapy","volume":"328","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_269","first-page":"2142","article-title":"[Venous thromboembolism in the elderly]","volume":"5","author":"Mean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Suisse"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-634832","article-title":"Personalized medicine in thrombosis: Back to the future","volume":"127","author":"Nagalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-019-01298-x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of precision medicine: A scoping review","volume":"64","author":"Kasztura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200145","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200145","article-title":"Intelligent antithrombotic nanomedicines: Progress, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"VIEW"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/20\/4883\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1760112812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/20\/4883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"references-count":272,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29204883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29204883","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]}}}