{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:39Z","timestamp":1787029119931,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN113918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN113918"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bubble coalescence plays a critical role in optimizing biological and industrial processes, impacting efficiency in areas such as fermentation, wastewater treatment, and foaming control. While the relationship between chemical structure and bubble coalescence has been thoroughly explored for inorganic ions, limited data exist on organic ions and surfactants, despite their widespread use in these industries. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of surfactant hydrophobicity and bubble size on coalescence behavior at a flat air\u2013liquid interface and within a bubble column. Surface tension measurements were employed to assess surfactant hydrophobicity, while bubble size and coalescence time were analyzed to determine their respective influences. The results reveal a novel quantitative relationship between surfactant hydrophobicity and the half-coalescence inhibition concentration (HCIC), a new variable introduced in this study. This relationship demonstrates that as hydrophobicity increases, the HCIC also rises, providing a new relationship between surfactant hydrophobicity and bubble coalescence. While it is well-known that more hydrophobic molecules delay coalescence, this is the first time a direct, proportional relationship has been established with HCIC, offering a new parameter for predicting and controlling coalescence phenomena.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T07:51:29Z","timestamp":1729842689000},"page":"5042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hydrophobicity of Benzene-Based Surfactants and Its Effect on Bubble Coalescence Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Del R\u00edo-Arrillaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Superficies, Departamento de Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Superficies, Departamento de Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Superficies, Departamento de Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Albijanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kalgorlie, WA 6430, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Gracia-Fadrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Superficies, Departamento de Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c03423","article-title":"Recent Advances on Emulsion and Foam Stability","volume":"39","author":"Langevin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1021\/la903120p","article-title":"Gas storage in \u201cDry Water\u201d and \u201cDry Gel\u201d clathrates","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b03780","article-title":"Effect of Wetting Transition during Multiphase Displacement in Porous Media","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055467","article-title":"Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: A novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness?","volume":"555","author":"Richardson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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