{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:46:47Z","timestamp":1791499607291,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82374046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374046"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82274107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274107"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82274222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274222"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024CY-JJQ-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-72"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFC3501903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501903"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["L2022CXNLRC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2022CXNLRC007"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023-LJRC-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LJRC-04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["82374046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374046"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["82274107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274107"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["82274222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274222"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["2024CY-JJQ-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-72"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["2022YFC3501903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501903"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["L2022CXNLRC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2022CXNLRC007"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["2023-LJRC-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LJRC-04"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["82374046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374046"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["82274107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274107"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["82274222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274222"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2024CY-JJQ-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-72"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2022YFC3501903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501903"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["L2022CXNLRC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2022CXNLRC007"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2023-LJRC-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LJRC-04"]}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of National Key R&amp;D Program for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["82374046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374046"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["82274107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274107"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["82274222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274222"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["2024CY-JJQ-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-72"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["2022YFC3501903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501903"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["L2022CXNLRC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2022CXNLRC007"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["2023-LJRC-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LJRC-04"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang Science and Technology Leading Talent Project","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["82374046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374046"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["82274107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274107"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["82274222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274222"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2024CY-JJQ-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-72"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2022YFC3501903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501903"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["L2022CXNLRC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2022CXNLRC007"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2023-LJRC-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LJRC-04"]}]},{"name":"Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["82374046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374046"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["82274107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274107"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["82274222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274222"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["2024CY-JJQ-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-72"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["2022YFC3501903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501903"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["L2022CXNLRC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2022CXNLRC007"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["2023-LJRC-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-LJRC-04"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team, and Qi Huang Scholar Support Project","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macroporous resin is an efficient separation technology that plays a crucial role in the separation and purification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the application of macroporous resins in TCM pharmaceuticals is hindered by serious fouling caused by the complex materials used in TCM. This study examines the impact of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technology on the macroporous resin adsorption behavior of TCM extracts. In this paper, Bupleurum chinense DC. (B. chinense) water extracts were included as an example to study the effect of UF pretreatment on the macroporous resin adsorption of total saponins. The study results indicated that the adsorption of total saponins constituents from the water extracts of B. chinense on the macroporous resin followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption, including enthalpy changes and Gibbs free energies, were negative, while entropy changes were positive. These results demonstrated that the total saponin components form a monolayer adsorption layer by spontaneous thermal adsorption on the macroporous resin, and that the adsorption rate is not determined by the rate of intraparticle diffusion. Following treatment with a UF membrane with an average molecular weight cut-off of 50 kDa, the protein, starch, pectin, tannin, and other impurities in the water extracts of B. chinense were reduced, while the total saponin content was retained at 82.32%. The adsorption kinetic model of the saponin constituents on the macroporous resin remained unchanged and was consistent with both the second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model; the adsorption rate of the second-order kinetic model increased by 1.3 times and in the Langmuir model at 25 \u00b0C, the adsorption performance improved by 1.16 times compared to the original extracts. This study revealed that UF technology as a pretreatment method can reduce the fouling of macroporous resin by TCM extracts and improve the adsorption performance of macroporous resin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1730368656000},"page":"5153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of the Total Saponins of Bupleurum chinense DC. Water Extracts Following Ultrafiltration Pretreatment on Macroporous Resin Adsorption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8338-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhishu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guolong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Characteristic Resources of Qin Medicine (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center for the Research & Application of Membrane Technology for the Green Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2007.08.007","article-title":"Quantification and separation of protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol type saponins from Panax notoginseng with macroporous resins","volume":"60","author":"Wan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1039\/c0np00015a","article-title":"Development of adsorptive (non-ionic) macroporous resins and their uses in the purification of pharmacologically-active natural products from plant sources","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.02.016","article-title":"Separation and purification of l-methionine from E. coli fermentation broth by macroporous resin chromatography","volume":"1110","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.08.070","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption characteristics of adlay bran free phenolics on macroporous resins","volume":"194","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800634","article-title":"Preparative separation of phloridzin from apple leaves using macroporous resins followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2022.104703","article-title":"Macroporous polymeric resins as a tool to obtain bioactive compounds in food and food-waste: A review","volume":"114","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2023.123887","article-title":"Preparative separation of iridoid glucosides and crocins from Gardeniae Fructus using sequential macroporous resin column chromatography and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities","volume":"1229","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.5b00713","article-title":"Separation of succinic acid from aqueous solution by macroporous resin adsorption","volume":"61","author":"Sheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.03.013","article-title":"Selective isolation of heavy metals from spent electronic waste solution by macroporous ion-exchange resins","volume":"371","author":"Nekouei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2018.05.034","article-title":"Binary adsorption equilibrium and breakthrough of toluene and cyclohexane on macroporous and hypercrosslinked polymeric resins","volume":"271","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125368","article-title":"Ultrasound-enhanced adsorption of amino acids from aqueous solution onto macroporous resins for green separation: Mass transfer mechanism and acoustic cavitation properties","volume":"330","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380390249512","article-title":"Applications of porous resin sorbents in industrial wastewater treatment and resource recovery","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.113371","article-title":"Separation and purification of anthocyanins from Roselle by macroporous resins","volume":"161","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AY02118K","article-title":"Separation of epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate from tea polyphenols by macroporous resin and crystallization","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"279","article-title":"Study on Recycle Effect of Macroporous Absorbent","volume":"04","author":"Zeng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Medica Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2022.102943","article-title":"Effect of operation mode on membrane fouling from traditional Chinese medicine water extracts","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2021.06.013","article-title":"Selective membranes in water and wastewater treatment: Role of advanced materials","volume":"50","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100259","article-title":"Emerging and advanced membrane technology for wastewater treatment: A review","volume":"62","author":"Bera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2021.120052","article-title":"Selective separation membranes for fractionating organics and salts for industrial wastewater treatment: Design strategies and process assessment","volume":"643","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2021.115377","article-title":"Membrane technology: A versatile tool for saline wastewater treatment and resource recovery","volume":"521","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2020.106464","article-title":"Membrane engineering: Latest advancements in gas separation and pre-treatment processes, petrochemical industry and refinery, and future perspectives in emerging applications","volume":"206","author":"Iulianelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2020.118804","article-title":"New developments in membranes for bioprocessing\u2013A review","volume":"620","author":"Zydney","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadar, S., Shooter, G., Somasundaram, B., Shave, E., Baker, K., and Lua, L.H. (2021). Intensified downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies using membrane technology. Biotechnol. J., 16.","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202000309"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461453","article-title":"A z2 laterally-fed membrane chromatography device for fast high-resolution purification of biopharmaceuticals","volume":"1629","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2011.10.002","article-title":"Clarification of Stevia extract by ultrafiltration: Selection criteria of the membrane and effects of operating conditions","volume":"90","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2007.11.036","article-title":"Concentrating the extract of traditional Chinese medicine by direct contact membrane distillation","volume":"310","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/15422119.2021.1995875","article-title":"Current and future use of membrane technology in the traditional Chinese medicine industry","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"254","article-title":"Isolation and purification of saponins from Cornus saponins by traditional process combined with membrane separation technology","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cent. South Pharm."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"21","article-title":"Pilot-scale on Purification of Semen trigonellae Anthocyanins by Macroporous Resin Adsorption and Ultrafiltration","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"For. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Wang, C.Z., Chen, H.X., and Jian-Zhong, Y.E. (2012). Study on theasaponin of Camellia oleiferal Abel. by membrane separation combined with macroporous resin adsorption. Chem. Ind. For. Prod., 65\u201370."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2015.02.025","article-title":"Purification of artichoke polyphenols by using membrane filtration and polymeric resins","volume":"144","author":"Conidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.11.094","article-title":"Effect of macroporous adsorption resin-membrane bioreactor hybrid system against fouling for municipal wastewater treatment","volume":"224","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2019.1678427","article-title":"The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bupleurum chinense DC. (Apiaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-9-21","article-title":"Autophagic effects of Chaihu (dried roots of Bupleurum Chinense DC or Bupleurum scorzoneraefolium WILD)","volume":"9","author":"Law","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"749","article-title":"Research progress on chemical constituents of Bupleurum plants","volume":"4403","author":"Ou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. South. Theater Command. Gen. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520618666180628155931","article-title":"Pharmacological Effects and Chemical Constituents of Bupleurum","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.01.009","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of polyphenols from an alfalfa white proteins concentrate: Adsorbent screening, adsorption kinetics and equilibrium study","volume":"178","author":"Firdaous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.121960","article-title":"Efficient enrichment of total flavonoids from Pteris ensiformis Burm. extracts by macroporous adsorption resins and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities","volume":"1138","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2013.12.006","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption properties of macroporous resins for flavonoids from the extract of Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.)","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.08.084","article-title":"Adsorption properties of macroporous adsorbent resins for separation of anthocyanins from mulberry","volume":"194","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6689","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA09319A","article-title":"Enrichment and separation of steroidal saponins from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus using macroporous adsorption resins","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.123731","article-title":"Separation and purification of glabridin from a deep eutectic solvent extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra residue by macroporous resin and its mechanism","volume":"315","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"465","article-title":"Determination of the Content of Saikosaponins and Saikosaponin a in Bupleurum Chinense DC","volume":"808","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharmacovigil."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2014.09.016","article-title":"Fouling mechanisms of the extract of traditional Chinese medicine in ultrafiltration","volume":"354","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117962","article-title":"Separation and purification of pyrroloquinoline quinone from fermentation broth by pretreatment coupled with macroporous resin adsorption","volume":"257","author":"Ke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.04.079","article-title":"On the comparison of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws in the modeling of adsorption kinetics","volume":"300","author":"Simonin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.12.043","article-title":"Review of second-order models for adsorption systems","volume":"136","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.01.073","article-title":"Insights into mathematical characteristics of adsorption models and physical meaning of corresponding parameters","volume":"254","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"17","article-title":"Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Pueraia isoflavonoids on HPD-100 macroporous resin","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Wuhan Inst. Tech."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/21\/5153\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:25:22Z","timestamp":1760113522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/21\/5153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29215153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29215153","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}}}