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investigating their magnetic mechanisms and exploring effective ways to regulate their magnetic properties are crucial for advancing their applications. Our work systematically investigated the origin of magnetism of a graphitic carbon nitride (Pca21 C4N3) monolayer based on the analysis on the partial electronic density of states. The magnetic moment of the Pca21 C4N3 originates from the spin-split of the 2pz orbit from special carbon (C) atoms and 2p orbit from N atoms around the Fermi energy, which was caused by the lone pair electrons in nitrogen (N) atoms. Notably, the magnetic moment of the Pca21 C4N3 monolayer could be effectively adjusted by adsorbing nitric oxide (NO) or oxygen (O2) gas molecules. The single magnetic electron from the adsorbed NO pairs with the unpaired electron in the N atom from the substrate, forming a Nsub-Nad bond, which reduces the system\u2019s magnetic moment from 4.00 \u03bcB to 2.99 \u03bcB. Moreover, the NO adsorption decreases the both spin-down and spin-up bandgaps, causing an increase in photoelectrical response efficiency. As for the case of O2 physisorption, it greatly enhances the magnetic moment of the Pca21 C4N3 monolayer from 4.00 \u03bcB to 6.00 \u03bcB through ferromagnetic coupling. This method of gas adsorption for tuning magnetic moments is reversible, simple, and cost-effective. Our findings reveal the magnetic mechanism of Pca21 C4N3 and its tunable magnetic performance realized by chemisorbing or physisorbing magnetic gas molecules, providing crucial theoretical foundations for the development and utilization of low-dimensional magnetic materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:52:54Z","timestamp":1730713974000},"page":"5194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Theoretical Study of the Magnetic Mechanism of a Pca21 C4N3 Monolayer and the Regulation of Its Magnetism by Gas Adsorption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Dongqiu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electric Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electric Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanyan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electric Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electric Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huabing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electric Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016603","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.016603","article-title":"Proximity-Induced Ferromagnetism in Graphene Revealed by the Anomalous Hall Effect","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. 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