{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:42:12Z","timestamp":1790710932419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Ultraviolet radiation takes part in photoaging and pigmentation disorders on skin. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a well-known brightening and photoprotective compound but it faces limitations in terms of stability and solubility. (2) Methods: A more stable and water-soluble glucoside called EGCG-G1 was obtained by enzymatic glucosylation of EGCG. In vitro and ex vivo experiments evaluated EGCG-G1 skin penetration, antioxidant activity, and antimelanogenic properties compared to EGCG. This gene expression study characterized the pathways impacted by EGCG-G1. Four clinical studies covering phototypes I to V, at various ages, and different skin areas, using several tools, were conducted to assess the effect of EGCG-G1 on skin hyperpigmentation and tone. The impact of glucoside on skin microbiota, especially Lactobacillus sp., was assessed through in vitro and in vivo investigations. (3) Results: EGCG-G1 better penetrated the epidermis than EGCG due to a possible interaction with GLUT1. EGCG-G1 presented similar antioxidant activity to that of EGCG and decreased melanogenesis through the inhibition of 13 genes, including MITF. The skin Lactobacillus population increased with EGCG-G1, which promoted bacterial growth in vitro as prebiotic, and induced the release of a microbial brightening metabolite. Clinical trials demonstrated EGCG-G1 to decrease hyperpigmented spots and increase skin brightness and homogeneity in a large panel of phototypes, outperforming EGCG and vitamin C. (4) Conclusions: Glucosylation of EGCG maintained its photoprotective antioxidant properties and enhanced penetration across the epidermis. EGCG-G1 demonstrated brightening properties on all skin types by down-regulation of melanogenesis pathways and indirectly by skin microbiota stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29225391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T05:33:04Z","timestamp":1731648784000},"page":"5391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epigallocatechin Gallate Enzymatic Alpha Glucosylation Potentiates Its Skin-Lightening Activity\u2014Involvement of Skin Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clo\u00e9","family":"Boira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 51110 Pomacle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Chapuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 51110 Pomacle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lapierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 51110 Pomacle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Auriol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9968-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrille","family":"Jarrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9102-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Robe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Tiguemounine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinique Courlancy, Surgery, 51100 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6403-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amandine","family":"Scandolera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 51110 Pomacle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5417-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Reynaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Active Beauty, R&D, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12466","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of human skin melanogenesis and pigmentation","volume":"40","author":"Serre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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