{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:05:18Z","timestamp":1790906718716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1603122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1603122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22207012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22207012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianfu Emei Creative &amp; Leading Talents of Sichuan province","award":["U1603122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1603122"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Emei Creative &amp; Leading Talents of Sichuan province","award":["22207012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22207012"]}]},{"name":"Tianfu Emei Creative &amp; Leading Talents of Sichuan province","award":["1811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1811"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma represents a formidable challenge in dermatological oncology due to its resistance to conventional treatments. The Celandine Alkali Injection Formula (CAIF) offers benefits on clinical internal medicine treatments, within which chelidonine and tetrandrine are recognized as potential quality markers. However, their synergistic mechanisms facilitating their anti-melanoma action remain unveiled. This study embarked on an exploration of CAIF\u2019s therapeutic potential through a multifaceted research design, integrating system pharmacological predictions with empirical molecular biological evaluations. The dual application of chelidonine and tetrandrine within CAIF exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16F10 cells, surpassing the effectiveness of individual compound administration. Computational predictions identified the top 50 targets, involved in key signaling pathways including cell cycle regulation, and melanogenesis. RNA sequencing further elucidated that the combinatory treatment modulated a broader spectrum of differentially expressed genes, implicating crucial biological processes including cell differentiation, and tyrosinase metabolism. The combination markedly enhanced melanogenesis and apoptotic indices, arrested cell cycle progression, and fostered cellular differentiation. Notably, chelidonine additionally curtailed the migratory capacity of B16F10 cells. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of chelidonine and tetrandrine, key components of CAIF, in effectively combating melanoma by targeting cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and melanogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29225412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1732002675000},"page":"5412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Synergistic Mechanism of Chelidonium majus Alkaloids on Melanoma Treatment via a Multi-Strategy Insight"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7700-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Ye","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3033-299X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2019-0561-RA","article-title":"The 2018 World Health Organization Classification of Cutaneous, Mucosal, and Uveal Melanoma: Detailed Analysis of 9 Distinct Subtypes Defined by Their Evolutionary Pathway","volume":"144","author":"Elder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2006.11.007","article-title":"Novel treatment strategies for malignant melanoma: A new beginning?","volume":"62","author":"Kasper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2019.1640032","article-title":"Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"321","article-title":"Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Postgrad."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"90","article-title":"Recent Advances in Melanoma Treatment","volume":"58","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanchang Universivity"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(01)00132-2","article-title":"Differentiation therapy of human cancer: Basic science and clinical applications","volume":"90","author":"Leszczyniecka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.103","article-title":"Differentiation therapy revisited","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12122","article-title":"Differentiation therapy for solid tumors","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1996.0019","article-title":"Pharmacological activities of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae)","volume":"33","author":"Colombo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Potential role of tetrandrine in cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"985","article-title":"Analysis of the potential antitumor mechanism of Tetrandrine based on network pharmacology","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pract. Pharm. Clin. Remedies"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"646","article-title":"Study on antitumor molecular mechanism of Chelidonium majus based on network pharmacology","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"8","article-title":"Celandine Alkali Injection Formula","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"1980","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"623","article-title":"Determination of chelidonine of Chelidonium majus injection by HPLC","volume":"25","author":"Qu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Commission, N.P. (2020). Pharmacopoeia of the Peoples Republic of China, China Medical Science Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1205-7_4","article-title":"Wound Healing Assay for Melanoma Cell Migration","volume":"2265","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2021.1942834","article-title":"Advances in the discovery and development of melanoma drug therapies","volume":"16","author":"Chanda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0945-z","article-title":"Metastatic Melanoma: Recent Therapeutic Progress and Future Perspectives","volume":"78","author":"Malissen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.04.044","article-title":"Open-label, phase IIa study of dabrafenib plus trametinib in East Asian patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutant cutaneous melanoma","volume":"135","author":"Si","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"103","article-title":"Research progress in combining Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of malignant melanoma","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Chin. Med. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Fangchinoline promote the effect of Gemcitabine on melanoma apoptosi","volume":"43","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Med. Offic."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c05392","article-title":"Ethanolic Extract of Bergenia purpurascens Exhibits Antimelanogenic Effects in B16F10 Cells through Multiple Mechanisms That Suppress Tyrosinase","volume":"72","author":"Seo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"20","article-title":"Advances in the study of the in vitro and in vivo effects of Chinese medicine on malignant melanoma cells","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"582","article-title":"Progress in the study of anti-tumour mechanism of tetrandrine","volume":"19","author":"Yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2236","article-title":"Autophagy induced by conventional chemotherapy mediates tumor cell sensitivity to immunotherapy","volume":"72","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.99","article-title":"Emerging strategies to effectively target autophagy in cancer","volume":"35","author":"Rebecca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.09.013","article-title":"Multiple mechanisms of cell death induced by chelidonine in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line","volume":"223","author":"Noureini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Shi, M., Liu, L., Wang, J., Zhu, M., and Chen, H. (2022). Tetrandrine Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Differentiation by Blocking Autophagic Flux. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158148"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Mello, S.A., Finlay, G.J., Baguley, B.C., and Askarian-Amiri, M.E. (2016). Signaling Pathways in Melanogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071144"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bretaudeau, C., Baud, S., Dupont-Deshorgue, A., Cousin, R., Brassart, B., and Brassart-Pasco, S. (2020). AG-9, an Elastin-Derived Peptide, Increases In Vitro Oral Tongue Carcinoma Cell Invasion, through an Increase in MMP-2 Secretion and MT1-MMP Expression, in a RPSA-Dependent Manner. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010039"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, S., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Deng, C., Liu, W., Du, J., Li, Q., Ji, Y., Guo, L., and Liu, L. (2021). Dihydrocapsaicin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Melanoma via Down-regulating \u03b2-Catenin Pathway. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.648052"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pittayapruek, P., Meephansan, J., Prapapan, O., Komine, M., and Ohtsuki, M. (2016). Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060868"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.05.037","article-title":"Apoptotic response of uveal melanoma cells upon treatment with chelidonine, sanguinarine and chelerythrine","volume":"237","author":"Aradi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.01.006","article-title":"Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids exhibit strong anti-proliferative activity in malignant melanoma cells regardless of their p53 status","volume":"62","author":"Uldrijan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-6755-y","article-title":"Capillary electrophoretic study of the synergistic biological effects of alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L. in normal and cancer cells","volume":"405","author":"Kulp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2604","article-title":"Targeting NRAS-Mutant Cancers with the Selective STK19 Kinase Inhibitor Chelidonine","volume":"26","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.37","article-title":"From melanocytes to melanomas","volume":"16","author":"Shain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Csom\u00f3s, I., Nagy, P., Filep, C., Rebenku, I., Nizsal\u00f3czki, E., Kov\u00e1cs, T., V\u00e1mosi, G., M\u00e1tyus, L., and Bodn\u00e1r, A. (2021). Opposing Effects of Chelidonine on Tyrosine and Serine Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Human Uveal Melanoma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312974"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.04.039","article-title":"Tetrandrine regulates hepatic stellate cell activation via TAK1 and NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.08.008","article-title":"Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nano-encapsulation of chelidonine, an active bioingredient of greater celandine (Chelidonium majus), enhances its ameliorative potential against cadmium induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in mice","volume":"36","author":"Paul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X.L., Sun, Y.P., Wang, M., Wang, Z.B., and Kuang, H.X. (2024). Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus L: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Front. Pharmacol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1440979"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.10.013","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo investigations on the antitumour activity of Chelidonium majus","volume":"22","author":"Capistrano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.03.008","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-retroviral activity of the substance purified from the aqueous extract of Chelidonium majus L","volume":"72","author":"Gerencer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534934","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/534934","article-title":"Isoliquiritigenin-induced differentiation in mouse melanoma B16F0 cell line","volume":"2012","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Research Progress on Natural Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids and their Pharmacological Functions: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Wang, H., Yang, M., Peng, G., Dong, T.T.X., Xu, M.L., and Tsim, K.W.K. (2018). Prenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Induce Differentiation of B16-F10 Melanoma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082422"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NP00130C","article-title":"Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis","volume":"32","author":"AlQathama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"59","article-title":"Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: A broad review","volume":"147","author":"Sen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa971","article-title":"PubChem in 2021: New data content and improved web interfaces","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W726","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac297","article-title":"SuperPred 3.0: Drug classification and target prediction-a machine learning approach","volume":"50","author":"Gallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W356","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx374","article-title":"PharmMapper 2017 update: A web server for potential drug target identification with a comprehensive target pharmacophore database","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D605","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1074","article-title":"The STRING database in 2021: Customizable protein-protein networks, and functional characterization of user-uploaded gene\/measurement sets","volume":"49","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","article-title":"Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"824","article-title":"Study of the optimal experiment conditions of MTT, MTS and WST in cell proliferation assays","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.12","article-title":"Majorbio Cloud: A one-stop, comprehensive bioinformatic platform for multiomics analyses","volume":"1","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"607","article-title":"Neochamaejasmine a inhibits B16F10 cell migration and Glycolysis level","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Shihezi Univ. (Nat. Sci.)"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S., Ko, J., Kim, M., Song, N., and Park, K. (2021). Morin Induces Melanogenesis via Activation of MAPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082150"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2174","article-title":"Detection of apoptosis induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus in vitro through fluorescein annexin V-FITC\/PI double labeling","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0346-8_21","article-title":"RNA Extraction from Swine Samples and Detection of Influenza A Virus in Swine by Real-Time RT-PCR","volume":"2123","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/22\/5412\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:33:40Z","timestamp":1760114020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/22\/5412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29225412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29225412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]}}}