{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:08:34Z","timestamp":1789776514379,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation","award":["SHRF 4769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHRF 4769"]}]},{"name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation","award":["06649-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06649-2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHRF 4769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHRF 4769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06649-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06649-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida albicans is an emerging multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes candidiasis, superficial infections on the mucosa, nails or skin, and life-threatening candidemia in deep tissue when disseminated through the bloodstream. Recently, there has been a sharp rise in resistant strains, posing a considerable clinical challenge for the treatment of candidiasis. There has been a resurged interest in the pharmacological properties of essential oils and their active components, for example, monoterpenes with alcohol (-OH) and aldehyde (-CHO) groups. Eugenol and citral have shown promising in vitro and in vivo activity against Candida species. Although there is substantial research on the efficacy of these essential oil components against C. albicans, a detailed knowledge of their mycological mechanisms is lacking. To explore the broad-spectrum effects of EOs, it is more meaningful and rational to study the whole essential oil, along with some of its major components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of eugenol and citral anticandidal and antivirulence activity, alone and together, along with the associated mechanisms and limitations of our current knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29235536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T08:38:24Z","timestamp":1732523904000},"page":"5536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Comparative Review of Eugenol and Citral Anticandidal Mechanisms: Partners in Crimes Against Fungi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9090-6433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zinnat","family":"Shahina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8378-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya E. S.","family":"Dahms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talapko, J., Juzba\u0161i\u0107, M., Matijevi\u0107, T., Pustijanac, E., Beki\u0107, S., Kotris, I., and \u0160krlec, I. (2021). Candida albicans-The virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020079"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0539-2","article-title":"Candidemia in critically ill immunocompromised patients: Report of a retrospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Ghrenassia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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