{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:20:59Z","timestamp":1768620059974,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AIRCS\u2014Italian Association for Sclerosing Cholangitis"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are chronic inflammatory biliary diseases characterized by progressive damage of the bile ducts, resulting in hepatobiliary fibrosis and cirrhosis. Currently, specific biomarkers that allow to distinguish between PSC and PBC do not exist. In this study, we examined the salivary proteome by carrying out a comprehensive and non-invasive screening aimed at highlighting possible quali-quantitative protein deregulations that could be the starting point for the identification of effective biomarkers in future. Saliva samples collected from 6 PBC patients were analyzed using a liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry technique, and the results were compared with those previously obtained in the PSC group. We identified 40 proteins as significantly deregulated in PSC patients compared to the PBC group. The Gene Ontology and pathway analyses highlighted that several proteins (e.g., small integral membrane protein 22, cofilin-1, macrophage-capping protein, plastin-2, and biliverdin reductase A) were linked to innate immune responses and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, which is a critical event in liver fibrosis and cancer progression. These findings provide new foundations for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of PSC and demonstrate that saliva is a suitable biological sample for obtaining proteomic fingerprints useful in the search for biomarkers capable of discriminating between the two cholestatic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29235783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T10:11:47Z","timestamp":1733739107000},"page":"5783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cytoskeleton Remodeling-Related Proteins Represent a Specific Salivary Signature in PSC Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Ceccherini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7803-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Morlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Norelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6387-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8364-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizia Rossana","family":"Brunetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Cecchettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3831-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Rocchiccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.10.025","article-title":"Epidemiology of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review","volume":"56","author":"Boonstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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