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This study explores the interaction between G4s and a small family of oligostyrylbenzene (OSB) derivatives, characterized by tris(styryl)benzene and tetrastyrylbenzene backbones, functionalized with either trimethylammonium or 1-methylpyridinium groups. Initially identified as DNA ligands, these OSB derivatives have now been recognized as potent G4 binders, surpassing in binding affinity commercially available ligands such as pyridostatin and displaying good selectivity for G4s over duplex DNA. Furthermore, OSB derivatives 1 and 2 demonstrated significant antiparasitic activity against bloodstream forms of T. brucei and extracellular L. major, with high selectivity indices when compared to MRC-5 healthy control cells. Derivatives 1 and 2 exhibited moderate biocidal effects against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Notably, a synergistic antibacterial effect was observed when these compounds were combined with traditional antibiotics, particularly against Acinetobacter baumannii, highlighting their potential utility in addressing drug-resistant bacterial infections. The differences in bioactivity among the OSB derivatives can be attributed to variations in cellular uptake, as proved by flow cytometry analysis. This suggests that the degree of cellular internalization plays a pivotal role in the observed antiparasitic and antibacterial efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29245875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:53:27Z","timestamp":1734000807000},"page":"5875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Oligostyrylbenzene Derivatives with Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Activity as Potent G-Quadruplex Ligands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6268-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Parasitolog\u00eda y Biomedicina L\u00f3pez Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2884-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Pe\u00f1alver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Parasitolog\u00eda y Biomedicina L\u00f3pez Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-B\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, Av. de la Innovaci\u00f3n s\/n, 18061 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Tolosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C\/Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez s\/n, 02008 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3321-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn Calixto","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C\/Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez s\/n, 02008 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1575-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Cebri\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, Av. de la Innovaci\u00f3n s\/n, 18061 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2400-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Parasitolog\u00eda y Biomedicina L\u00f3pez Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.07.002","article-title":"The Structure and Function of DNA G-Quadruplexes","volume":"2","author":"Spiegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.3","article-title":"DNA G-Quadruplexes in the Human Genome: Detection, Functions and Therapeutic Potential","volume":"18","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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