{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T21:42:34Z","timestamp":1788730954939,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Guidance Program","award":["2023ZD096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD096"]}]},{"name":"National Key Guidance Program","award":["TDZKCX202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202302"]}]},{"name":"National Key Guidance Program","award":["TDZKBS202301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKBS202301"]}]},{"name":"National Key Guidance Program","award":["OIC-202401014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIC-202401014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008559","name":"Tarim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023ZD096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008559","name":"Tarim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TDZKCX202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008559","name":"Tarim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TDZKBS202301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKBS202301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008559","name":"Tarim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OIC-202401014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIC-202401014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","award":["2023ZD096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD096"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","award":["TDZKCX202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202302"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","award":["TDZKBS202301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKBS202301"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","award":["OIC-202401014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIC-202401014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an acidic mucopolysaccharide of animal origin composed of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and selective affinity for CD44 receptors on cell surfaces, HA is widely employed as a drug carrier. In our study, we aimed to target subcellular bacteria by grafting cystamine onto HA scaffolds through an amide reaction, producing a linker responsive to H2S and pH changes. Subsequently, hydrophobic dodecylamine was attached to HA, forming amphiphilic molecules. These amphiphilic entities can self-assemble into nanomicelles in an aqueous solution, thereby encapsulating the antibacterial agent triclosan (TCS). The resulting HA-based system (HASS-TCS) can be internalized via CD44-mediated endocytosis, releasing substantial amounts of streptomycin and TCS in H2S-rich and acidic environments. Additionally, HASS-TCS has demonstrated effectiveness in eradicating biofilms and addressing intracellular infections caused by Salmonella. This study underscores a novel pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid-based drug delivery system with significant potential for the effective treatment of intracellular infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29245971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T09:43:03Z","timestamp":1734514983000},"page":"5971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clearance of Intracellular Pathogens with Hyaluronic Acid Nanomicelles Responsive to H2S and pH"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mak, T.W., and Saunders, M.E. 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