{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:43:37Z","timestamp":1790631817427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiovascular diseases constitute one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Herbal medicines represent viable alternatives to the synthetic drugs currently employed in the control of hypertension. This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemical markers of Kalanchoe crenata and to investigate the antihypertensive and anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2) activities of an aqueous extract of the leaves. Methods: The main constituents of the aqueous extract of K. crenata were separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, and their presence was identified by NMR spectroscopy. Renovascular hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats using the two-kidney one-clip method (HTN groups), while control animals (Sham groups) were submitted to Sham surgery. Six groups of 10 animals each were treated daily for eight weeks as follows: Sham 1 (carrier), Sham 2 (K. crenata extract), HTN.1 (carrier), HTN.2 (K. crenata extract), HTN 3 (losartan), and HTN 4 (K. crenata extract with losartan). Results: The main compounds of the extract were patuletin 3-O-(4\u2033-O-acetyl-\u03b1-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-7-O-(3\u2034-O-acetyl-\u03b1-L-rhamnopyranoside) (1), patuletin 3-O-\u03b1-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), and trans-caffeoyl-malic acid (3), with compounds 1 and 2 being chemical markers of the species. Significant reductions (p &lt; 0.05) in systolic blood pressure and MMP2 (72kDa isoform) activity were observed in the HTN 4 group. Conclusions: The association of K. crenata extract and losartan presented in vivo effects against hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29246010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T06:44:33Z","timestamp":1734677073000},"page":"6010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Kalanchoe crenata Andrews (Haw.) Improves Losartan\u2019s Antihypertensive Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2229-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro de Padua G.","family":"Amatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4197-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana da Silva","family":"Coppede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2046-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Renata","family":"Kitanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovana Gra\u00e7a","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaysa Carvalho de","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elen","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4864-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzelei de Castro","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7170-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Aparecida","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-0325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Ordem e Progresso, Jardinop\u00f3lis 14680-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3817-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Helena Taleb","family":"Contini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria Soares","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Ordem e Progresso, Jardinop\u00f3lis 14680-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.08.005","article-title":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 suggests that metabolic risk factors are the leading drivers of the burden of ischemic heart disease","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31891-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950\u20132017: A systematic analysis 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