{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:11:48Z","timestamp":1789229508601,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32471893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["063GJHZ2022038GC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["063GJHZ2022038GC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["32471893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471893"]}]},{"name":"International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["063GJHZ2022038GC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["063GJHZ2022038GC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyme essential oils (EOs) have antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunological properties and are used in medicine, food, feed additives, and cosmetics. Here, we made use of a multidimensional analytical method to analyze the differences in the chemical components, chemotypes, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of EOs from 24 Chinese native thymes. These Chinese native thymes comprised 10 species (Thymus quinquecostatus, T. mongolicus, T. inaequalis, T. mandschuricus, T. curtus, T. amurensis, T. roseus, T. proximu, T. marschallianus, and T. altaicus) and two varieties (T. quinquecostatus var. asiaticus and T. quinquecostatus var. przewalskii). Four primary chemotype groups were identified, namely carvacrol, thymol, geraniol, and \u03b1-terpineol. The maximum carvacrol, thymol, geraniol, and \u03b1-terpineol contents were 72.4, 58.6, 59.5, and 65.4%, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of the thymol and carvacrol chemotype EOs were found to be significantly superior to the other chemotypes using three antioxidant assays: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. Moreover, the thymol and carvacrol EO chemotypes could significantly inhibit the growths of the common food-borne pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A correlation analysis between the EO components and the bacteria showed that thymol significantly positively correlated with the bacteria. In summary, we analyzed the thyme EOs\u2019 antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which laid a foundation for their use in medicines, foods, feed additives, and cosmetics. The results will also be very useful for the selection of wild thymes for functional research on carvacrol-, thymol-, geraniol-, and \u03b1-terpineol-rich essential oil chemotypes and the product development of feed additives, cosmetics, etc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29246035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T10:06:52Z","timestamp":1734948412000},"page":"6035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Chinese Native Thyme Essential Oils with Different Chemotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Meiyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanpeng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.01.020","article-title":"Thymus spp. plants-Food applications and phytopharmacy properties","volume":"85","author":"Salehi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. 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