{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:59:41Z","timestamp":1791482381156,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2024JH2\/102400001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/102400001"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["22-317-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-317-2-08"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023JH6\/100100056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH6\/100100056"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["CARS-01-52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-01-52"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenyang, China","award":["2024JH2\/102400001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/102400001"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenyang, China","award":["22-317-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-317-2-08"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenyang, China","award":["2023JH6\/100100056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH6\/100100056"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenyang, China","award":["CARS-01-52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-01-52"]}]},{"name":"Guiding Fund of the Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development, China","award":["2024JH2\/102400001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/102400001"]}]},{"name":"Guiding Fund of the Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development, China","award":["22-317-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-317-2-08"]}]},{"name":"Guiding Fund of the Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development, China","award":["2023JH6\/100100056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH6\/100100056"]}]},{"name":"Guiding Fund of the Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development, China","award":["CARS-01-52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-01-52"]}]},{"name":"the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China","award":["2024JH2\/102400001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/102400001"]}]},{"name":"the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China","award":["22-317-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-317-2-08"]}]},{"name":"the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China","award":["2023JH6\/100100056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH6\/100100056"]}]},{"name":"the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System, China","award":["CARS-01-52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-01-52"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study employed thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (Py-GC\/MS) to characterize and provide insights into the pyrolysis behaviors and by-products of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS). The primary pyrolysis range is partitioned into three stages, designated as pseudo-hemicellulose, pseudo-cellulose, and pseudo-lignin pyrolysis, by an asymmetric bi-Gaussian function. The average activation energies of the three pseudo-components of RH were estimated by the Flynn\u2013Wall\u2013Ozawa and Starink methods to be 179.1 kJ\/mol, 187.4 kJ\/mol, and 239.3 kJ\/mol, respectively. The corresponding values for RS were 171.8 kJ\/mol, 185.8 kJ\/mol, and 203.2 kJ\/mol. The results of the model-fitting method indicated that the diffusion model is the most appropriate for describing the pseudo-hemicellulose reaction. The reaction of pseudo-cellulose and pseudo-lignin is most accurately described by a nucleation mechanism. An accelerated heating rate resulted in enhanced pyrolysis performance, with RS exhibiting superior performance to that of RH. RH produces 107 condensable pyrolysis by-products, with ketones, acids, and phenols representing the largest proportion; RS produces 135 species, with ketones, phenols, and alcohols as the main condensable by-products. These high-value added by-products have the potential to be utilized in a variety of applications within the agricultural, bioenergy, and chemical industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:00:57Z","timestamp":1735030857000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Analysis of the Pyrolysis Kinetics, Reaction Mechanisms, and By-Products of Rice Husk and Rice Straw via TG-FTIR and Py-GC\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3729-3081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"E","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanning","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Liaodong University, Dandong 118001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisheng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-023-01591-5","article-title":"Strategies to Save Energy in the Context of the Energy Crisis: A Review","volume":"21","author":"Farghali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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