{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:20:26Z","timestamp":1790662826131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice-Rectorate of Scientific Policy of the University of Almer\u00eda","award":["LANZADERA 2023\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LANZADERA 2023\/003"]}]},{"name":"Vice-Rectorate of Scientific Policy of the University of Almer\u00eda","award":["2020\/00001014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/00001014"]}]},{"name":"Vice-Rectorate of Scientific Policy of the University of Almer\u00eda","award":["P_FORT_GRUPOS_2023\/88"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P_FORT_GRUPOS_2023\/88"]}]},{"name":"Vice-Rectorate of Scientific Policy of the University of Almer\u00eda","award":["PID2022-143070NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143070NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 and ERDF\/EU","award":["LANZADERA 2023\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LANZADERA 2023\/003"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 and ERDF\/EU","award":["2020\/00001014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/00001014"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 and ERDF\/EU","award":["P_FORT_GRUPOS_2023\/88"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P_FORT_GRUPOS_2023\/88"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 and ERDF\/EU","award":["PID2022-143070NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143070NB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) is a wild green consumed globally, yet its phytochemical composition remains underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the leaves of wild S. irio plants and those grown in controlled environments (GCE) with varying electrical conductivities (EC) and light spectra. Plants were assessed for growth, phenolic content, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, glucosinolates, and antiproliferative effects against HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. The optimal biomass yield occurred at the EC levels of 3.0\u20133.5 dS m\u22121 under Valoya\u00ae LED light. Wild plants showed higher antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) than GCE samples, with values of 8.03\u20138.67 and 6.49\u20136.81 mmol TE per 100 g dry weight, respectively. The vitamin C range was 50.7\u201384.3 and 84.5\u2013186.9 mg 100 g\u22121 fresh weight for GCE and wild samples, respectively. Phenolic content was higher in wild plants than in the GCE ones, with apigetrin as the primary phenolic compound. The MTT assay showed that ethanol extracts from wild plants weakly inhibited HT-29 cell growth, with a GI50 of 210\u2013380 \u00b5g mL\u22121 after 72 h of cells exposure to plant extracts. Principal Component Analysis suggested that EC and UV exposure increase the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and glucosinolates in wild plants, offering insights into the bioactive profiles of S. irio leaves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30010031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T19:27:46Z","timestamp":1735154866000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["London Rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.) as Healthy Green: Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity of Plants Grown in Wild and Controlled Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik","family":"Chileh-Chelh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3096-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Pagan Loeiro","family":"da Cunha-Chiamolera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vegetal Production Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Urrestarazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vegetal Production Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4660-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ezzaitouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosal\u00eda","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry-Physics, Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthia","family":"N\u00e1jera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vegetal Production Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5049-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Rinc\u00f3n-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2666-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Guil-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology Division, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, A.M., and Barata, A.M. 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