{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:48:34Z","timestamp":1768560514812,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRIN: PROGETTI DI RICERCA DI RILEVANTEINTERESSE NAZIONALE -Bando 2022-","award":["2022LW54KC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LW54KC"]}]},{"name":"PRIN: PROGETTI DI RICERCA DI RILEVANTEINTERESSE NAZIONALE -Bando 2022-","award":["2014\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020"]}]},{"name":"BIO-WASTE PRODUCTS AS A SOURCE OF NUTRACEUTICALS TO TARGET THE COMMON TRAIT OF INFLAMMATION IN CANCER AND NEURODEGENERATION","award":["2022LW54KC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LW54KC"]}]},{"name":"BIO-WASTE PRODUCTS AS A SOURCE OF NUTRACEUTICALS TO TARGET THE COMMON TRAIT OF INFLAMMATION IN CANCER AND NEURODEGENERATION","award":["2014\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020"]}]},{"name":"UE\u2014FSE REACT-EU, PON Ricerca e Innovazione","award":["2022LW54KC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LW54KC"]}]},{"name":"UE\u2014FSE REACT-EU, PON Ricerca e Innovazione","award":["2014\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green chemistry principles are pivotal in driving sustainable and innovative solutions to global health challenges. This study explores a hydroalcoholic extract from Castanea sativa (chestnut) burrs, an underutilized natural resource, as a potent source of antimicrobial compounds against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The extract demonstrated significant bactericidal activity, synergizing effectively with clarithromycin and showing additive effects with metronidazole. Remarkably, combining the extract with clarithromycin and sub-inhibitory concentrations of pantoprazole reduced clarithromycin\u2019s Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) to just 1.56% of its original value. Mechanistic studies suggest that the extract\u2019s polyphenolic compounds compromise bacterial membrane integrity, enhancing antibiotic uptake, while pantoprazole disrupts bacterial ATPase activity. This research highlights the critical role of natural product extraction within the framework of green chemistry, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic antimicrobials. By harnessing bioactive compounds from plant sources, this approach addresses the pressing issue of antibiotic resistance while promoting the responsible use of natural resources. The findings underscore the transformative potential of green chemistry in developing effective, eco-conscious antimicrobial therapies that align with global sustainability goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30020324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:01:02Z","timestamp":1736931662000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Green Chemistry Within the Circular Bioeconomy to Harness Chestnut Burr Extract\u2019s Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Schiavone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2750-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Barletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Trezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6910-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Geminiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"SienabioACTIVE, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Millucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0318-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natale","family":"Figura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena and Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Santucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"SienabioACTIVE, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"ARTES 4.0, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00449-x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Infection and Antibiotic Resistance\u2014From Biology to Clinical Implications","volume":"18","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. 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