{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:31:44Z","timestamp":1782275504700,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R&amp;D Program for Forest Science Technology provided by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute)","award":["RS-2024-00404250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00404250"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trifolirhizin is an important flavonoid glycoside reported from the roots of medicinal plants such as Astragalus membranaceus, Sophora tonkinensis, Ononis vaginalis, Euchresta formosana, Sophora Subprostrate, Ononis spinose, and Sophora flavescens. It is considered one of the important constituents responsible for the various medicinal properties of these medicinal plants. Studies have revealed the multiple pharmacological properties of trifolirhizin: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-ulcerative colitis, antiasthma, hepatoprotective, osteogenic, skin-whitening, wound-healing, and anticancer (against various types of cancers). Mechanistic studies of trifolirhizin showed that it could act on important target genes and pathways such as the NF-\u03baB-MAPK, EGFR-MAPK, AMPK\/mTOR, and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathways. These pathways are also implicated in various other diseases, suggesting the potential of trifolirhizin in therapeutic applications. Initial pharmacokinetic studies support the therapeutic candidature of trifolirhizin and provide the initial track that may be pursued for its development. Still, a compilation of pharmacological activities and target pathways of trifolirhizin is missing in the literature. This review uniquely compiles the pharmacological properties and mechanistic insights of trifolirhizin, addressing critical gaps in its therapeutic development and proposing strategies for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30020383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T11:24:56Z","timestamp":1737113096000},"page":"383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trifolirhizin: A Phytochemical with Multiple Pharmacological Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8353-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-Jeung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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