{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:11:20Z","timestamp":1782936680948,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2022R1A4A1019201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A1019201"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2021M3E5E3083400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3E5E3083400"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["00225532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00225532"]}]},{"name":"Development of Core Technologies for Platforms to Respond to Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Project","award":["2022R1A4A1019201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A1019201"]}]},{"name":"Development of Core Technologies for Platforms to Respond to Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Project","award":["2021M3E5E3083400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3E5E3083400"]}]},{"name":"Development of Core Technologies for Platforms to Respond to Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Project","award":["00225532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00225532"]}]},{"name":"Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (TIPA)","award":["2022R1A4A1019201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A1019201"]}]},{"name":"Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (TIPA)","award":["2021M3E5E3083400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3E5E3083400"]}]},{"name":"Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (TIPA)","award":["00225532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00225532"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A fluorescence-based detection platform was developed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). This platform utilizes localized surface plasmon resonance effects resulting from the interactions between silica-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@SiO2) and enzymatically synthesized quantum dots (QDs). The gold nanoparticles were silica coated via the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, which allowed for precise control over the distance between the nanoparticles and QDs and refined the dynamics of fluorescence quenching and enhancement. Antibody conjugation was performed via sequential amination and carboxylation, followed by EDC\/NHS coupling. BDNF was detected across a range of concentrations, from 1 ng\/mL to 1 ng\/mL, using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-conjugated polyclonal antibody targeting a secondary epitope of BDNF. The enzymatic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate by immobilized ALP led to the formation of cadmium sulfide QDs, with the fluorescence intensity correlating directly with the BDNF concentration. This platform offers a refined and precise method for detecting BDNF and is a reliable tool for the early diagnosis of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30030699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T05:50:36Z","timestamp":1738734636000},"page":"699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultra-Sensitive Nanoplatform for Detection of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Using Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with Enzyme-Formed Quantum Dots"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Seona","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5498-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Rim","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minse","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanhyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4506-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwunjae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Ouk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magalingam, K.B., Radhakrishnan, A., Ping, N.S., and Haleagrahara, N. (2018). Current concepts of neurodegenerative mechanisms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. BioMed Res. Int., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3740461"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.002421","article-title":"Normal and abnormal biology of the! b-amyloid precursor protein","volume":"17","author":"Selkoe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13078","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13078","article-title":"Inhibition of REV-ERBs stimulates microglial amyloid-beta clearance and reduces amyloid plaque deposition in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e396","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.35","article-title":"Genes associated with the progression of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Miyashita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12749","article-title":"Phosphorylated tau sites that are elevated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease fluid biomarkers are visualized in early neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels in the post mortem brain","volume":"19","author":"Moloney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0333-5","article-title":"The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"DeTure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13244","article-title":"Practical recommendations for timely, accurate diagnosis of symptomatic Alzheimer\u2019s disease (MCI and dementia) in primary care: A review and synthesis","volume":"290","author":"Liss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0404-9","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament light as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3505","article-title":"BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"51","article-title":"Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease at mild cognitive impairment and disease progression using autoantibodies as blood-based biomarkers","volume":"3","author":"DeMarshall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Diagn. Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0073-9","article-title":"A review of fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Moving from CSF to blood","volume":"6","author":"Blennow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.156","article-title":"Nanoparticle formulations in the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7209","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00760","article-title":"Bifunctional Au@ Pt\/Au core@ shell nanoparticles as novel electrocatalytic tags in immunosensing: Application for Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarker detection","volume":"92","author":"Novelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colcom.2021.100579","article-title":"The roles of gold nanoparticles in the detection of amyloid-\u03b2 peptide for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloid Interface Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00611-8","article-title":"Porous gold nanoparticles for attenuating infectivity of influenza A virus","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.063","article-title":"Mesoporous silica@ chitosan@ gold nanoparticles as \u201con\/off\u201d optical biosensor and pH-sensitive theranostic platform against cancer","volume":"202","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25119","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c07969","article-title":"Silica Shell growth on vitreophobic gold nanoparticles probed by plasmon resonance dynamics","volume":"125","author":"Engelbrekt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.10.069","article-title":"On-chip magneto-immunoassay for Alzheimer\u2019s biomarker electrochemical detection by using quantum dots as labels","volume":"54","author":"Miserere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2013.07.069","article-title":"Sensitive optical detection of alkaline phosphatase activity with quantum dots","volume":"145","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2017.06.038","article-title":"Using silicon-coated gold nanoparticles to enhance the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dot and improve the sensing ability of mercury (II)","volume":"188","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6866","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4011342","article-title":"Unconventional application of conventional enzymatic substrate: First fluorogenic immunoassay based on enzymatic formation of quantum dots","volume":"85","author":"Malashikhina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooney, M.J. (2017). Kinetic measurements for enzyme immobilization. Enzyme Stabilization and Immobilization: Methods and Protocols, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6499-4_17"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5538","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3400","article-title":"Invited review: The application of alkaline phosphatase assays for the validation of milk product pasteurization","volume":"93","author":"Rankin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5870","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b01312","article-title":"Revitalizing the Frens method to synthesize uniform, quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles with deliberately regulated sizes from 2 to 330 nm","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42311","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c10436","article-title":"Simultaneous stabilization and functionalization of gold nanoparticles via biomolecule conjugation: Progress and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.11.010","article-title":"PEGylation of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles improves tumor targetability in vivo","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.06.062","article-title":"Transparent Superhydrophobic silica coatings on glass by sol\u2013gel method","volume":"257","author":"Mahadik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-014-3610-3","article-title":"TEOS-based treatments for stone consolidation: Acceleration of hydrolysis\u2013condensation reactions by poulticing","volume":"74","author":"Franzoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.10.024","article-title":"Characterization of silica-coated silver nanoparticles prepared by a reverse micelle and hydrolysis\u2013condensation process","volume":"156","author":"Hagura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"581","article-title":"Au-doped mesoporous SiO2 scattering layer enhances light harvesting in quasi Solid-State dye-sensitized solar cells","volume":"36","author":"Rachmat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ.-Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28683","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA03122A","article-title":"Effects of template removal on both morphology of mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorod and its biomedical application","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rsc Adv."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/3\/699\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:27:02Z","timestamp":1760027222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/3\/699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30030699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30030699","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]}}}