{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T18:53:26Z","timestamp":1792868006434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting structures due to the host\u2019s immune response to microbial biofilms. Traditional periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing, pharmacological interventions, and surgical procedures, have significant limitations, including difficulty accessing deep periodontal pockets, biofilm recolonization, and the development of antibiotic resistance. In light of these challenges, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants, herbs, and other natural sources offer a promising alternative due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerative properties. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), baicalin, carvacrol, berberine, essential oils, and Gum Arabic, exert therapeutic effects in periodontal disease. Bioactive compounds inhibit critical inflammatory pathways like NF-\u03baB, JAK\/STAT, and MAPK while activating protective pathways such as Nrf2\/ARE, reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress. They also inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), preventing tissue degradation and promoting healing. In addition, these compounds have demonstrated the potential to disrupt bacterial biofilms by interfering with quorum sensing, targeting bacterial cell membranes, and enhancing antibiotic efficacy.Bioactive compounds also modulate the immune system by shifting the balance from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory responses and promoting efferocytosis, which helps resolve inflammation and supports tissue regeneration. However, despite the promising potential of these compounds, challenges related to their poor bioavailability, stability in the oral cavity, and the absence of large-scale clinical trials need to be addressed. Future strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing periodontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T11:08:51Z","timestamp":1739358531000},"page":"807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["New Insights in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Periodontal Disease: Advanced Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada Tawfig","family":"Hashim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9456-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Science University, Ras-AlKhaimah 11127, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallan C. S. K.","family":"Chaitanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riham","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Oral Surgery, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3162-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivan Padma","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology Department, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Nile University, Khartoum 1847, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahista Parveen","family":"Dasnadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, RAK College of Dental, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0604-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Sofiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakri Gobara","family":"Gismalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Mustahsen","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17038","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.38","article-title":"Periodontal diseases","volume":"3","author":"Kinane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulkareem, A.A., Al-Taweel, F.B., Al-Sharqi, A.J.B., Gul, S.S., Sha, A., and Chapple, I.L.C. (2023). Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: From symbiosis to dysbiosis. J. Oral Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2197779"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00615-3","article-title":"Binding of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae to Treponema denticola dentilisin","volume":"226","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2019.12.001","article-title":"Roles of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its virulence factors in periodontitis","volume":"120","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00618-07","article-title":"Gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis increase the chemotactic and respiratory burst-priming properties of the 77-amino-acid interleukin-8 variant","volume":"76","author":"Dias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.5.16140","article-title":"Bacterial interactions in dental biofilm","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1159\/000534872","article-title":"The Intersection between Bacterial Metabolism and Innate Immunity","volume":"15","author":"Acosta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1110","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1118_23","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoinflammatory Diseases and Periodontitis: Advances in the Management","volume":"16","author":"Hashim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000329672","article-title":"Neutrophils in periodontal inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Scott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Periodontal Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1RU0818-310R","article-title":"Macrophage immunomodulation in chronic osteolytic diseases-the case of periodontitis","volume":"105","author":"Sima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116540","article-title":"Cytokine-mediated immunomodulation of osteoclastogenesis","volume":"164","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luchian, I., Goriuc, A., Sandu, D., and Covasa, M. (2022). The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13) in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Pathological Processes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031806"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, J., Liu, H., Zheng, Y., and Zhang, Z. (2023). Role of oxidative stress in the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1210449"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-973X.104394","article-title":"Treatment modalities and evaluation models for periodontitis","volume":"2","author":"Tariq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S706","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_692_20","article-title":"Effect of Conventional Periodontal Treatment (Scaling and Root Planing) on Type-2 Diabetic Patient with Moderate Generalized Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Study","volume":"13","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.280102.x","article-title":"Dental biofilms: Difficult therapeutic targets","volume":"28","author":"Socransky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0839","article-title":"A re-evaluation of scaling and root planing","volume":"92","author":"Cobb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"CD012568","article-title":"Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis","volume":"11","author":"Khattri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614554919","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem","volume":"5","author":"Llor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"20499361231154443","article-title":"Current understanding of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and approaches for its management","volume":"10","author":"Kesavelu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2001.22250107.x","article-title":"Surgical periodontal therapy","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14293","article-title":"The effects of different regenerative technologies and materials on wound healing after surgical endodontic therapy: A meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e967","article-title":"Factors related to compliance with periodontal disease treatment appointments: A literature review","volume":"14","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, T.-H., Chen, J.-Y., Suo, W.-H., Shao, W.-R., Huang, C.-Y., Li, M.-T., Li, Y.-Y., Li, Y.-H., Liang, E.-L., and Chen, Y.-H. (2024). Unlocking the Future of Periodontal Regeneration: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Tissue Engineering and Advanced Therapeutics. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12051090"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puletic, M., Velikic, G., Maric, D.M., Supic, G., Maric, D.L., Radovic, N., Avramov, S., and Vojvodic, D. (2024). Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115753"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"CD005297","article-title":"Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women","volume":"6","author":"Middleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u0103unic\u0103, I., Giurgiu, M., Dumitriu, A.S., P\u0103unic\u0103, S., Pantea Stoian, A.M., Martu, M.A., and Serafinceanu, C. (2023). The Bidirectional Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus\u2014A Review. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040681"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashim, N.T., Babiker, R., Rahman, M.M., Mohamed, R., Priya, S.P., Chaitanya, N.C., Islam, M.S., and Gobara, B. (2024). Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29133044"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorrenti, V., Bur\u00f2, I., Consoli, V., and Vanella, L. (2023). Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Food Wastes and By-Products: Biochemical Aspects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032019"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101250","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs","volume":"9","author":"McCubrey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Jubori, Y., Ahmed, N.T.B., Albusaidi, R., Madden, J., Das, S., and Sirasanagandla, S.R. (2023). The Efficacy of Gum Arabic in Managing Diseases: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Clinical Trials. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010138"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezerra, B., Monajemzadeh, S., Silva, D., and Pirih, F.Q. (2022). Modulating the Immune Response in Periodontitis. Front. Dent. Med., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2022.879131"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzanti, G., and Di Giacomo, S. (2016). Curcumin and Resveratrol in the Management of Cognitive Disorders: What is the Clinical Evidence?. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091243"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.194044","article-title":"Overviews of Biological Importance of Quercetin: A Bioactive Flavonoid","volume":"10","author":"David","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musial, C., Kuban-Jankowska, A., and Gorska-Ponikowska, M. (2020). Beneficial Properties of Green Tea Catechins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051744"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, B., Li, W., Qin, H., Yun, J., and Sun, X. (2021). The Use of Chinese Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) and Its Extracts for Sustainable Animal Production. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041039"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u0105czka, W., Twardawska, M., Grabarczyk, M., and Wi\u0144ska, K. (2023). Carvacrol\u2014A Natural Phenolic Compound with Antimicrobial Properties. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050824"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsigoriyna, L., Sango, C., and Batovska, D. (2024). An Update on Microbial Biosynthesis of \u03b2-Caryophyllene, a Sesquiterpene with Multi-Pharmacological Properties. Fermentation, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10010060"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, A., Przychodna, M., Sopata, S., Bodalska, A., and Fecka, I. (2020). Thymol and Thyme Essential Oil-New Insights into Selected Therapeutic Applications. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184125"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satchanska, G., Davidova, S., and Gergova, A. (2024). Diversity and Mechanisms of Action of Plant, Animal, and Human Antimicrobial Peptides. Antibiotics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030202"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oeckinghaus, A., and Ghosh, S. (2009). The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect Biol., 1.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000034"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in biology and targeted therapy: New insights and translational implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Qahtani, A.A., Alhamlan, F.S., and Al-Qahtani, A.A. (2024). Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9010013"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00022.x","article-title":"Inhibition of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-1beta by torilin is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases in microglial BV2 cells","volume":"156","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sohn, S.I., Priya, A., Balasubramaniam, B., Muthuramalingam, P., Sivasankar, C., Selvaraj, A., Valliammai, A., Jothi, R., and Pandian, S. (2021). Biomedical Applications and Bioavailability of Curcumin\u2014An Updated Overview. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122102"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, Y., and Zhou, J. (2023). The protective activity of natural flavonoids against osteoarthritis by targeting NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1117489"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghababaei, F., and Hadidi, M. (2023). Recent Advances in Potential Health Benefits of Quercetin. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071020"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2012.6.2.188","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits LPS-Induced NF-\u03baB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Joo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.12.009","article-title":"Inhibition of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway by the curcumin analog, 3,5-Bis(2-pyridinylmethylidene)-4-piperidone (EF31): Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties","volume":"12","author":"Olivera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Botchway, B.O.A., Zhang, S., Zhou, J., and Liu, X. (2018). Inhibition of NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway by Resveratrol Improves Spinal Cord Injury. Front. Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00690"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5","article-title":"Inflammation and tumor progression: Signaling pathways and targeted intervention","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320","article-title":"Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201708007","article-title":"Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling","volume":"217","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngo, V., and Duennwald, M.L. (2022). Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122345"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.12.020","article-title":"New perspectives on the therapeutic potential of quercetin in non-communicable diseases: Targeting Nrf2 to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00099-20","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00099-20","article-title":"The Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 Pathway","volume":"40","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"653537","article-title":"Oxidative stress parameters in saliva and its association with periodontal disease and types of bacteria","volume":"2015","author":"Pastor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, F., Luo, S., Lu, C., Jiang, X., Chen, K., Deng, J., Ma, S., and Li, Z. (2022). The role of Nrf2 in periodontal disease by regulating lipid peroxidation, inflammation and apoptosis. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.963451"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahcheraghi, S.H., Salemi, F., Peirovi, N., Ayatollahi, J., Alam, W., Khan, H., and Saso, L. (2021). Nrf2 Regulation by Curcumin: Molecular Aspects for Therapeutic Prospects. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010167"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-3789","article-title":"Activation of AMPK\/p38\/Nrf2 is involved in resveratrol alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats as an endogenous antioxidant stress feedback","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokra, D., Joskova, M., and Mokry, J. (2022). Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (\u2212)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010340"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, S.K., Chin, K.Y., and Ima-Nirwana, S. (2020). Quercetin as an Agent for Protecting the Bone: A Review of the Current Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176448"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.10.047","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of quercetin and its de-rivatives","volume":"40","author":"Lesjak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, D., Hu, M.-J., Wang, Y.-Q., and Cui, Y.-L. (2019). Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061123"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3519","article-title":"The molecular details of cytokine signaling via the JAK\/STAT pathway","volume":"27","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-017-0177-y","article-title":"The role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and its regulators in the fate of T helper cells","volume":"15","author":"Seif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chimento, A., D\u2019amico, M., De Luca, A., Conforti, F.L., Pezzi, V., and De Amicis, F. (2023). Resveratrol, Epigallocatechin Gallate and Curcumin for Cancer Therapy: Challenges from Their Pro-Apoptotic Properties. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13020261"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12491","article-title":"Targeting STAT3 signaling pathway by curcumin and its analogues for breast cancer: A narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Golmohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Models Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05625-5","article-title":"Resveratrol ameliorates glioblastoma inflammatory response by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"150","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/genes4020101","article-title":"The Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKAPKs) in Inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Moens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, C., Wang, D., Yang, Z., and Wang, T. (2022). Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenol Phytochemicals on the Intestinal Inflammation via Targeting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23136939"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.11620\/IJOB.2021.46.1.51","article-title":"Baicalin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression: Action via the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor \u03baB-related protein signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Ko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, T., Xiao, D., Muhammed, A., Deng, J., Chen, L., and He, J. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Action and Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010229"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radzki, D., Negri, A., Kusiak, A., and Obuchowski, M. (2024). Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Periodontium-Vital in Tissue Turnover and Unfortunate in Periodontitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052763"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabral-Pacheco, G.A., Garza-Veloz, I., la Rosa, C.C.-D., Ramirez-Acu\u00f1a, J.M., Perez-Romero, B.A., Guerrero-Rodriguez, J.F., Martinez-Avila, N., and Martinez-Fierro, M.L. (2020). The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249739"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"136","article-title":"The effects of nanomicelle of curcumin on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, 9) activity and expression in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD): A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Mogharrabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ARYA Atheroscler."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.06.003","article-title":"Plant bioactive compounds driven microRNAs (miRNAs): A potential source and novel strategy targeting gene and cancer therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Sumaira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Non-Coding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M.T., Jang, N.H., and Lee, H.J. (2024). Natural Products as Regulators against Matrix Metalloproteinases for the Treatment of Cancer. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040794"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Omari, N., Bakrim, S., Bakha, M., Lorenzo, J.M., Rebezov, M., Shariati, M.A., Aboulaghras, S., Balahbib, A., Khayrullin, M., and Bouyahya, A. (2021). Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Epigenetic Pathways in Cancer: A Review on Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Quinones, and Isothiocyanates. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113714"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S129027","article-title":"Epigenetics of chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"12","author":"Stylianou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, F.U., Rehman, M.S., Khan, M.S., Ali, M.A., Javed, A., Nawaz, A., and Yang, C. (2019). Curcumin as an Alternative Epigenetic Modulator: Mechanism of Action and Potential Effects. Front. Genet., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00514"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seto, E., and Yoshida, M. (2014). Erasers of histone acetylation: The histone deacetylase enzymes. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 6.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018713"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.21975","article-title":"Histone phosphorylation: A chromatin modification involved in diverse nuclear events","volume":"7","author":"Rossetto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pieniawska, M., and I\u017cykowska, K. (2022). Role of Histone Deacetylases in T-Cell Development and Function. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147828"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-011-9300-y","article-title":"Epigenetic CpG Demethylation of the Promoter and Reactivation of the Expression of Neurog1 by Curcumin in Prostate LNCaP Cells","volume":"13","author":"Shu","year":"2011","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150825140822","article-title":"Role of Histone Acetylation in Cell Cycle Regulation","volume":"16","author":"Koprinarova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"e25","article-title":"Discriminative identification of transcriptional responses of promoters and enhancers after stimulus","volume":"45","author":"Kleftogiannis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5043087","article-title":"Transcriptional Activation of Inflammatory Genes: Mechanistic Insight into Selectivity and Diversity","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8200","article-title":"Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Targeting Neuroinflammation Strategies","volume":"38","author":"Azzini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabianowska-Majewska, K., Kaufman-Szymczyk, A., Szymanska-Kolba, A., Jakubik, J., Majewski, G., and Lubecka, K. (2021). Curcumin from Turmeric Rhizome: A Potential Modulator of DNA Methylation Machinery in Breast Cancer Inhibition. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020332"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337","article-title":"Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death","volume":"35","author":"Elmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrillo-Martinez, E.J., Flores-Hern\u00e1ndez, F.Y., Salazar-Montes, A.M., Nario-Chaidez, H.F., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Ortega, L.D. (2024). Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202402.0029.v1"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1021\/cb500259e","article-title":"Direct binding of Bcl-2 family proteins by quercetin triggers its pro-apoptotic activity","volume":"9","author":"Primikyri","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-019-0232-2","article-title":"Developing natural products as potential anti-biofilm agents","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.15190\/d.2019.13","article-title":"Communication is the key: Biofilms, quorum sensing, formation and prevention","volume":"7","author":"Preda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Discoveries"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1313372","article-title":"Strategies for combating bacterial biofilms: A focus on anti-biofilm agents and their mechanisms of action","volume":"9","author":"Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-013-1179-9","article-title":"In vitro activity of Carvacrol against titanium-adherent oral biofilms and planktonic cultures","volume":"18","author":"Ciandrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01186-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01186-19","article-title":"Regulatory Mechanisms of the LuxS\/AI-2 System and Bacterial Resistance","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Z., Hou, K., Valencak, T.G., Luo, X.M., Liu, J., and Wang, H. (2022). AI-2\/LuxS Quorum Sensing System Promotes Biofilm Formation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Enhances the Resistance to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Germ-Free Zebrafish. Microbiol. Spectr., 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00610-22"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulin, M.B., and Kuperman, L.L. (2021). Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.730980"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burt, S.A., Ojo-Fakunle, V.T., Woertman, J., and Veldhuizen, E.J. (2014). The natural antimicrobial carvacrol inhibits quorum sensing in Chromobacterium violaceum and reduces bacterial biofilm formation at sub-lethal concentrations. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093414"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00402-07","article-title":"Autoinducer 2 is required for biofilm growth of Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"75","author":"Shao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0128","article-title":"Effect of Resveratrol on periodontal pathogens during experimental periodontitis in rats","volume":"30","author":"Cirano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3501","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits periodontal pathogens in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.04.023","article-title":"Efficacy of Berberine, an Antimicrobial Plant Alkaloid, as an Endodontic Irrigant against a Mixed-culture Biofilm in an In Vitro Tooth Model","volume":"38","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, N., Isguven, S., Evans, R., Schaer, T.P., and Hickok, N.J. (2023). Berberine disrupts staphylococcal proton motive force to cause potent anti-staphylococcal effects in vitro. Biofilm, 5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2023.100117"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13921","article-title":"Berberine augments ATP-induced inflammasome activation in macrophages by enhancing AMPK signaling","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, C., Grenho, L., Fernandes, M.H., and Costa Lima, S.A. (2024). Improving the Antimicrobial Potency of Berberine for Endodontic Canal Irrigation Using Polymeric Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16060786"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, M., and Brown, A.C. (2021). Applications of Catechins in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050546"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang, Y., Quan, W., Wang, X., Cheng, Y., and Jiao, Y. (2024). Comprehensive Review of EGCG Modification: Esterification Methods and Their Impacts on Biological Activities. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13081232"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.2c00160","article-title":"Lipids and EGCG Affect \u03b1-Synuclein Association and Disruption of Nanodiscs","volume":"61","author":"Sanders","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12009","article-title":"Anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea","volume":"168","author":"Steinmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.01.014","article-title":"Green tea catechins potentiate the effect of antibiotics and modulate adherence and gene expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"65","author":"Morin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.08.033","article-title":"Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in mice","volume":"29","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie, T., Zhang, C., Huang, A., and Li, P. (2018). Epigallocatechin Gallate-Mediated Cell Death Is Triggered by Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Induced via the Cpx Two-Component System in Escherichia coli. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00246"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muteeb, G., Rehman, M.T., Shahwan, M., and Aatif, M. (2023). Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1921.v1"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorca, G., Ballestero, D., Langa, E., and Pino-Ot\u00edn, M.R. (2024). Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy with Natural Compounds: Synergistic Activity of Tannic Acid and Nerol with Commercial Antibiotics against Pathogenic Bacteria. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13192717"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaurav, A., Bakht, P., Saini, M., Pandey, S., and Pathania, R. (2023). Role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and strategies to discover novel efflux pump inhibitors. Microbiology, 169.","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001333"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsakris, Z., Rozos, G., Tsigalou, C., and Bezirtzoglou, E. (2022). Interactions between Medical Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Antimicrobial Combination Effects. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081014"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.7897\/2277-4343.056138","article-title":"Curcumin and metronidazole in periodontal therapy","volume":"5","author":"Varghese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/jphi.JPHI_82_17","article-title":"Effect of local application of curcumin and ornidazole gel in chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"7","author":"Ravishankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, T., Chen, K., Xi, B., Pan, L., Xie, J., Lu, L., and Liu, K. (2023). In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Resveratrol against Aeromonas hydrophila. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040686"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2022019","article-title":"Biofilms: Formation, drug resistance and alternatives to conventional approaches","volume":"8","author":"Mirghani","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28743","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA02711B","article-title":"Carvacrol inhibits bacterial polysaccharide intracellular adhesin synthesis and biofilm formation of mucoid Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR11.275","article-title":"Carvacrol and thymol components inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence and biofilm formation","volume":"5","author":"Soumya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijesundara, N.M., Lee, S.F., Cheng, Z., Davidson, R., Langelaan, D.N., and Rupasinghe, H.P.V. (2022). Bactericidal Activity of Carvacrol against Streptococcus pyogenes Involves Alteration of Membrane Fluidity and Integrity through Interaction with Membrane Phospholipids. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14101992"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limoli, D.H., Jones, C.J., and Wozniak, D.J. (2015). Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Biofilm Formation and Function. Microbiol. Spectr., 3.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0011-2014"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campoccia, D., Montanaro, L., and Arciola, C.R. (2021). Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Major Ubiquitous Element of the Bacterial Biofilm Architecture. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169100"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrage, H.J., Jepson, M.A., Rostami, N., Jakubovics, N.S., and Nobbs, A.H. (2021). Understanding the Matrix: The Role of Extracellular DNA in Oral Biofilms. Front. Oral Health, 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.640129"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, J., Zhang, Y., Lin, S., Zhang, W., Shu, G., Lin, J., Li, H., Xu, F., Tang, H., and Peng, G. (2021). Strategies for Interfering with Bacterial Early Stage Biofilms. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.675843"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00137-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of inhibiting glucosyltransferases for biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"14","article-title":"An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balducci, E., Papi, F., Capialbi, D.E., and Del Bino, L. (2023). Polysaccharides\u2019 Structures and Functions in Biofilm Architecture of Antimicrobial-Resistant (AMR) Pathogens. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044030"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C., Mei, C., Liu, J., Li, H., Jiao, M., Hu, H., Zhang, Y., Xiong, J., He, Y., and Wei, W. (2024). Effect of baicalin on eradicating biofilms of bovine milk derived Acinetobacter lwoffii. BMC Vet. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04015-w"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., Dong, B., Wang, K., Cai, S., Liu, T., Cheng, X., Lei, D., Chen, Y., Li, Y., and Kong, J. (2017). Baicalin inhibits biofilm formation, attenuates the quorum sensing-controlled virulence and enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance in a mouse peritoneal implant infection model. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176883"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asma, S.T., Imre, K., Morar, A., Herman, V., Acaroz, U., Mukhtar, H., Arslan-Acaroz, D., Shah, S.R.A., and Gerlach, R. (2022). An Overview of Biofilm Formation-Combating Strategies and Mechanisms of Action of Antibiofilm Agents. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081110"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, B., Pang, X., Li, Z., Chen, Z., and Wang, Y. (2021). Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Progress and Perspectives. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.781378"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Chen, Z., Tu, S.Q., Wei, J.M., Hou, Y.L., Kuang, Z.L., Kang, X.N., and Ai, H. (2022). Role of Interleukin-17A in the Pathomechanisms of Periodontitis and Related Systemic Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.862415"},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"100198","article-title":"Curcumin as a regulator of Th17 cells: Unveiling the mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Ghoushi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivani, B.M., Azzeh, M., Patnaik, R., Pantea Stoian, A., Rizzo, M., and Banerjee, Y. (2022). Reconnoitering the Therapeutic Role of Curcumin in Disease Prevention and Treatment: Lessons Learnt and Future Directions. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12070639"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakoor, H., Feehan, J., Apostolopoulos, V., Platat, C., Al Dhaheri, A.S., Ali, H.I., Ismail, L.C., Bosevski, M., and Stojanovska, L. (2021). Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Polyphenols. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030728"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01505-0","article-title":"The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: A crosstalk between ancient \u201cYin-Yang\u201d theory and modern immunology","volume":"22","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, H., Ni, J., Hu, L., Xiang, Z., Zeng, J., Shi, J., Chen, Q., and Li, W. (2023). Resveratrol May Reduce the Degree of Periodontitis by Regulating ERK Pathway in Gingival-Derived MSCs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411294"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, M., Zhao, Y., He, Z., Lin, J., Xu, C., Liu, F., Hu, R., Deng, H., and Wang, Y. (2021). Baicalein inhibits inflammatory response and promotes osteogenic activity in periodontal ligament cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03213-5"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Yang, X., and Li, M. (2012). Baicalin, a natural compound, promotes regulatory T cell differentiation. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-64"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5918587","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5918587","article-title":"Baicalein Restores the Balance of Th17\/Treg Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Attenuate Colitis","volume":"2020","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Edjoudi, D.A., Cordero-Barreal, A., Farrag, M., Varela-Garc\u00eda, M., Torrijos-Pulp\u00f3n, C., Ruiz-Fern\u00e1ndez, C., Capuozzo, M., Ottaiano, A., and Lago, F. (2023). Oleocanthal, an Antioxidant Phenolic Compound in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO): A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Its Potential in Inflammation and Cancer. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122112"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Agurto, A., Bravo, M., Mag\u00e1n-Fernandez, A., L\u00f3pez-Toru\u00f1o, A., Mu\u00f1oz, R., Ferrer, J., and Mesa, F. (2023). Randomized clinical trial on the clinical effects of a toothpaste containing extra virgin olive oil, xylitol, and betaine in gingivitis. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33521-4"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00470-y","article-title":"Drugging the efferocytosis process: Concepts and opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12321","article-title":"Periodontal Pathogens\u2019 strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Miralda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.78878","article-title":"SIRT6-regulated macrophage efferocytosis epigenetically controls inflammation resolution of diabetic periodontitis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, Y., Huang, M., and Yao, Y.M. (2022). Efferocytosis and Its Role in Inflammatory Disorders. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.839248"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loh, W., and Vermeren, S. (2022). Anti-Inflammatory Neutrophil Functions in the Resolution of Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244076"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, X., Wang, Y., Li, W., Mu, W., Tang, Y., Wang, M., Seyam, A., Yang, Y., Pan, L., and Hou, T. (2024). The Role of Macrophage Efferocytosis in the Pathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073854"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbae079","article-title":"Resveratrol and piceid enhance efferocytosis by increasing the secretion of MFG-E8 in human THP-1 macrophages","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parinot, C., Chatagnon, J., Rieu, Q., Roux, S., N\u00e9el, D., Hamieh, F., and Nandrot, E.F. (2024). Gas6 and Protein S Ligands Cooperate to Regulate MerTK Rhythmic Activity Required for Circadian Retinal Phagocytosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126630"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Golub, L.M., Lee, H.-M., Bhatt, H.-D., Johnson, F., Xu, T.-M., and Gu, Y. (2023). A novel modified-curcumin 2.24 resolves inflammation by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42848-x"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.31989\/ffhd.v14i4.1327","article-title":"The role of curcumin in periodontal therapy: An update","volume":"14","year":"2024","journal-title":"Funct. Foods Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"re3","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.272re3","article-title":"CD36, a scavenger receptor involved in immunity, metabolism, angiogenesis, and behavior","volume":"2","author":"Silverstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-190587","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and neutrophils","volume":"25","author":"Bae","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106640","article-title":"Blocking the HGF-MET pathway induces resolution of neutrophilic inflammation by promoting neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis","volume":"188","author":"Felix","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramesh, P., Jagadeesan, R., Sekaran, S., Dhanasekaran, A., and Vimalraj, S. (2021). Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Front. Endocrinol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.779638"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inchingolo, A.D., Inchingolo, A.M., Malcangi, G., Avantario, P., Azzollini, D., Buongiorno, S., Viapiano, F., Campanelli, M., Ciocia, A.M., and De Leonardis, N. (2022). Effects of Resveratrol, Curcumin and Quercetin Supplementation on Bone Metabolism\u2014A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173519"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2022.12716","article-title":"Osteoprotective effects of flavonoids: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies (Review)","volume":"25","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12930","article-title":"Effect of Resveratrol on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Gene Expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Periodontal Disease","volume":"127","author":"Kugaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-020-00514-y","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin on Growth, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Gene Expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"109","author":"Kumbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01342.x","article-title":"Potent Anti-inflammatory Effects of Systemically Administered Curcumin Modulate Periodontal Disease In Vivo","volume":"46","author":"Coimbra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Fatah, R., Mowafey, B., Baiomy, A., and Elmeadawy, S. (2023). Efficacy of curcumin gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on salivary procalcitonin level in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03512-y"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.156806","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of natural curcumin and synthetic chlorhexidine in the management of chronic periodontitis as a local drug delivery: A clinical and microbiological study","volume":"26","author":"Anitha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S327378","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in inflammatory diseases: Status, limitations, and countermeasures","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"999","article-title":"Capsaicin inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, biofilm formation, gin-givomucosal inflammatory cytokine secretion, and in vitro osteoclasto-genesis","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20071","article-title":"Flavonoid quercetin decreases osteoclastic differentiation induced by RANKL via a mechanism involving NF-\u03baB and AP-1","volume":"92","author":"Wattel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S.-Y., Hu, Y., Zhao, R., Zhou, Y.-N., Zhuang, Y., Zhu, Y., Ge, X.-L., Lu, T.-W., Lin, K.-L., and Xu, Y.-J. (2024). Quercetin-loaded mesoporous nano-delivery system remodels osteoimmune microenvironment to regenerate alveolar bone in periodontitis via the miR-21a-5p\/PDCD4\/NF-\u03baB pathway. J. Nanobiotechnol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02352-4"},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"90","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing: A clinical study","volume":"7","author":"Anuradha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2828","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered 2% curcumin and 0.2% chlorhexidine gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2489","article-title":"Comparative effect of an essential oil mouthrinse on plaque, gingivitis and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels: A double blind randomized study","volume":"23","author":"Botelho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2018.04.010","article-title":"Impact of green tea intake on clinical improvement in chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"119","author":"Taleghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_179","first-page":"197","article-title":"Preliminary clinical evidence of the antiplaque, antigingivitis efficacy of a mouthwash containing 2% green tea\u2014A randomised clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Sarin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"7","article-title":"Effect of Berberine Gel on Periodontal Inflammation: Clinical and Histological","volume":"4","author":"Moeintaghavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Periodontol. Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12381","article-title":"A novel chemically modified curcumin reduces inflammation-mediated connective tissue breakdown in a rat model of diabetes: Periodontal and systemic effects","volume":"52","author":"Elburki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2174\/138955710791384081","article-title":"Bioavailability challenges associated with development of anti-cancer phenolics","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertoncini-Silva, C., Vlad, A., Ricciarelli, R., Giacomo Fassini, P., Suen, V.M.M., and Zingg, J.-M. (2024). Enhancing the Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Curcumin for Disease Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030331"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehmood, S., Maqsood, M., Mahtab, N., Khan, M.I., Sahar, A., Zaib, S., and Gul, S. (2022). Epigallocatechin gallate: Phytochemistry, bioavailability, utilization challenges, and strategies. J. Food Biochem., 46.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14189"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.J., Krauthauser, C., Maduskuie, V., Fawcett, P.T., Olson, J.M., and Rajasekaran, S.A. (2011). Curcumin-induced HDAC inhibition and attenuation of medulloblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-144"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Chai, R., Chen, Y., Zhao, S., Bian, Y., and Wang, X. (2022). Curcumin Targeting Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic and Biomarker Implications. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101339"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilyazova, I., Asadullina, D., Kagirova, E., Sikka, R., Mustafin, A., Ivanova, E., Bakhtiyarova, K., Gilyazova, G., Gupta, S., and Khusnutdinova, E. (2023). MiRNA-146a\u2014A Key Player in Immunity and Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612767"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666221012122855","article-title":"Resveratrol-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondria Biogenesis-associated Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Insights and Potential Therapeutic Applications","volume":"21","author":"Shaito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2018.10.004","article-title":"Next generation sequencing of RNA reveals novel targets of resveratrol with possible implications for Canavan disease","volume":"126","author":"Dembic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12323","article-title":"Resveratrol protects mitochondrial quantity by activating SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1 expression during ovarian hypoxia","volume":"19","author":"Nishigaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202165","article-title":"Autophagy-mediated regulation patterns contribute to the alterations of the immune microenvironment in periodontitis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullon, P., Cordero, M.D., Quiles, J.L., del Carmen Ramirez-Tortosa, M., Gonzalez-Alonso, A., Alfonsi, S., Garc\u00eda-Mar\u00edn, R., de Miguel, M., and Battino, M. (2012). Autophagy in periodontitis patients and gingival fibroblasts: Unraveling the link between chronic diseases and inflammation. BMC Med., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-122"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2024.108031","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates kidney damage caused by mercury Chloride: The protective effects of quercetin on autophagy and inflammation were studied based on TRIM32\/TLR4\/LC3 pathway","volume":"248","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155643","article-title":"The potential of EGCG in modulating the oral-gut axis microbiota for treating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"130","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Burillo, S., Navajas-Porras, B., L\u00f3pez-Maldonado, A., Hinojosa-Nogueira, D., Pastoriza, S., and Rufi\u00e1n-Henares, J.\u00c1. (2021). Green Tea and Its Relation to Human Gut Microbiome. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133907"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashim, N.T., Babiker, R., Rahman, M.M., Chaitanya, N.C.S.K., Mohammed, R., Dasnadi, S.P., and Gismalla, B.G. (2024). Gum Arabic as a potential candidate in quorum quenching and treatment of periodontal diseases. Front. Oral Health, 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1459254"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, Y., Wang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, B., and Wang, J. (2023). The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119317"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, H.J., Lee, J.Y., and Park, W. (2022). Baicalin Modulates Inflammatory Response of Macrophages Activated by LPS via Calcium-CHOP Pathway. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193076"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108532","article-title":"Baicalin clears inflammation by enhancing macrophage efferocytosis via inhibition of RhoA\/ROCK signaling pathway and regulating macrophage polarization","volume":"105","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, L., Wang, J., Qin, T., Chen, K., Xie, J., and Xi, B. (2023). Carvacrol Inhibits Quorum Sensing in Opportunistic Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082027"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright, P.P., and Ramachandra, S.S. (2022). Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching with a Focus on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Oral Biofilms. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091783"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha, N.K., Sharma, C., Hashiesh, H.M., Arunachalam, S., Meeran, M.N., Javed, H., Patil, C.R., Goyal, S.N., and Ojha, S. (2021). \u03b2-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.590201"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2300-4","article-title":"The CB2 receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammation","volume":"73","author":"Turcotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunggulawa, E.J., Wang, W., Yin, T., Wang, N., Durkan, C., Wang, Y., and Wang, G. (2018). Recent advancements in the use of exosomes as drug delivery systems. J. Nanobiotechnol, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0403-9"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.02.015","article-title":"Efficacy of \u03b2-caryophyllene for periodontal disease related factors","volume":"100","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S.C., Alalaiwe, A., Lin, Z.C., Lin, Y.C., Aljuffali, I.A., and Fang, J.Y. (2022). Anti-Inflammatory microRNAs for Treating Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081072"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grieco, G.E., Brusco, N., Licata, G., Nigi, L., Formichi, C., Dotta, F., and Sebastiani, G. (2019). Targeting microRNAs as a Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Diabetes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246358"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, J., Wu, Q., Jiang, J., Sun, D., Wang, F., Xin, B., and Cui, Q. (2020). Berberine reduces inflammation of human dental pulp fibroblast via miR-21\/KBTBD7 axis. Arch. Oral Biol., 110.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.104630"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.018","article-title":"Berberine-loaded M2 macrophage-derived exosomes for spinal cord injury therapy","volume":"126","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nair, A., Mallya, R., Suvarna, V., Khan, T.A., Momin, M., and Omri, A. (2022). Nanoparticles-Attractive Carriers of Antimicrobial Essential Oils. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010108"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Movahedi, F., Nirmal, N., Wang, P., Jin, H., Gr\u00f8ndahl, L., and Li, L. (2024). Recent advances in essential oils and their nanoformulations for poultry feed. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01067-8"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, J., El Rayess, Y., Rizk, A.A., Sadaka, C., Zgheib, R., Zam, W., Sestito, S., Rapposelli, S., Neffe-Skoci\u0144ska, K., and Zieli\u0144ska, D. (2011). Turmeric and Its Major Compound Curcumin on Health: Bioactive Effects and Safety Profiles for Food, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnological and Medicinal Applications. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01021"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9861(02)00302-8","article-title":"Metal-mediated DNA damage induced by curcumin in the presence of human cytochrome P450 isozymes","volume":"405","author":"Sakano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_214","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (1993). NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Turmeric Oleoresin (CAS No. 8024-37-1) (Major Component 79\u201385% Curcumin, CAS No. 458-37-7) in F344\/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser., 427, 1\u2013275."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.104592","article-title":"Evaluation of (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-induced cytotoxicity on astrocytes: A potential mechanism of calcium overloading-induced mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"61","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivares-Marin, I.K., Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.C., and Madrigal-Perez, L.A. (2019). Resveratrol cytotoxicity is energy-dependent. J. Food Biochem., 43.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13008"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512000347","article-title":"Differential effects of low-dose resveratrol on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"108","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.10.030","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice","volume":"48","author":"Lambert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3109\/01480545.2013.838778","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate induces embryonic toxicity in mouse blastocysts through apoptosis","volume":"37","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/4\/807\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:30:14Z","timestamp":1760027414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/4\/807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":219,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30040807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30040807","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]}}}