{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:21:10Z","timestamp":1788322870005,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China","award":["2022N5004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022N5004"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China","award":["2023S0036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023S0036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aquilaria spp. are a highly valuable plant species found in the Chinese herbal medicine and agarwood fragrance supplement industries for fumigation, combustion and perfume. The phytochemical composition of agarwood oils (extracts) was derived from Aquilaria sinensis and its subspecies \u2018Qi-Nan\u2019 using supercritical CO2 extraction technology. Gas chromatography connected with a mass spectrometry apparatus was employed for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Comparing the agarwood oils from six planting areas, 12 common components were obtained, among which sesquiterpenes and chromones had the highest relative content. Genetic and environmental factors had the greatest impact on the three chromones, especially on 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. According to the PCA and PLS-DA models, the \u2018Qi-Nan\u2019 was derived from a variety selected from the native A. sinensis, and the difference in the volatile components was able to indirectly prove that it was genetically heterogeneous with the native A. sinensis. Using the 73 components obtained from GC\u2013MS analysis, the VIP values and S-plots were generated using the OPLS-DA model. Seven components with VIP values &gt; 1.0 were selected from two groups of agarwood oils of the native A. sinensis and \u2018Qi-Nan\u2019 subspecies. In addition, by analyzing 12 common components, the differential components with VIP values &gt; 1 were 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one and 2-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. Chromones were the main component of agarwood oils extracted by supercritical CO2, and 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one could be used as a volatile marker, especially in the \u2018Qi-Nan\u2019 subspecies, where this marker exhibited more prominent characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:36:19Z","timestamp":1739867779000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic Environmental Interactions Shape the Volatile Compounds of Agarwood Oils Extracted from Aquilaria sinensis Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Wenxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Qishan Campus, No. 18 Middle Wulongjiang Avenue, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sizhu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Qishan Campus, No. 18 Middle Wulongjiang Avenue, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehuai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Incense Products (Fujian), No. 1-1, West Liuan Shan Road, Taocheng Town, Yongchun County, Quanzhou 362600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Qishan Campus, No. 18 Middle Wulongjiang Avenue, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0825-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Ping","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, No. 116 Guishan, Hongxing Village, Jingyang Town, Fuqing 350119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1401-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongmei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Qishan Campus, No. 18 Middle Wulongjiang Avenue, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.06.055","article-title":"Aquilaria spp.(agarwood) as source of health beneficial compounds: A review of traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"189","author":"Hashim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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