{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:42:48Z","timestamp":1790480568738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, Environmental Science Doctoral School Cluj-Napoca, Romania","award":["AGC35592-AGC35596\/19.11.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGC35592-AGC35596\/19.11.2024"]}]},{"name":"Research-Competitiveness-Excellence Support Programs of Babe\u0219-Bolyai University","award":["AGC35592-AGC35596\/19.11.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGC35592-AGC35596\/19.11.2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beta-blockers are pharmaceuticals used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia. Due to high consumption, they are continuously released into the environment, being detected in many aqueous matrices. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of two green liquid-phase microextraction procedures, such as dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solidification of floating organic droplet microextraction (SFOME) for the selective extraction of eight beta-blockers (atenolol, nadolol, pindolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, propranolol, and betaxolol) from aqueous matrices for their analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC). The influence of extraction parameters, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, and ionic strength were studied. The developed extraction procedures provide a good enrichment factor for six compounds (61.22\u2013243.97), good extraction recovery (53.04\u201392.1%), and good sample cleaning for both extraction procedures. Good limits of detection (0.13 to 0.69 \u00b5g\/mL for GC and 0.07 to 0.15 \u00b5g\/mL for HPLC) and limits of quantification (0.39 to 2.10 \u00b5g\/mL for GC and 0.20 to 0.45 \u00b5g\/mL for LC) were obtained. The developed procedures were successfully applied to the analysis of selected beta-blockers in wastewater samples, proving their applicability to the real samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30051016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:36:47Z","timestamp":1740375407000},"page":"1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6892-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihail Simion","family":"Beldean-Galea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cRaluca Ripan\u201d Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela-C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"Herghelegiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cRaluca Ripan\u201d Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad-Alexandru","family":"P\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cRaluca Ripan\u201d Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Vial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry, Biology and Innovation Department, \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ESPCI Paris PSL, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9144-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Bruzzoniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Virginia","family":"Coman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cRaluca Ripan\u201d Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, 30 F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.086","article-title":"Occurrence and Enantiomer Profiles of \u0392-Blockers in Wastewater and a Receiving Water Body and Adjacent Soil in Tianjin, China","volume":"650","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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