{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:37:35Z","timestamp":1790393855584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative disorders present significant therapeutic challenges, particularly due to the complex nature of drug delivery to the central nervous system. This review investigates the applications of various biopolymers in neuroprotection and their potential role in treating neurodegeneration. We present a critical analysis of natural and synthetic biopolymers, focusing primarily on chitosan, fish collagen\/gelatin, and alginate as key therapeutic agents. The review examines the fundamental mechanisms of brain development and neurodegeneration, establishing a framework for understanding how these biopolymers interact with neural tissues. By analyzing recent experimental studies, we evaluate the effectiveness of different biopolymer-based delivery systems in crossing the blood\u2013brain barrier and their subsequent neuroprotective effects. Additionally, promising materials, including lignin, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, and glucose-modified bovine serum albumin\/procyanidin complexes, are briefly explored to provide a comprehensive overview of current developments in the field. Our analysis reveals that biopolymer-based approaches offer unique advantages in both neuroprotection and drug delivery, potentially opening new avenues for treating neurodegenerative conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies promising directions for future research in biopolymer-based therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30051017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:36:47Z","timestamp":1740375407000},"page":"1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["From Molecules to Mind: The Critical Role of Chitosan, Collagen, Alginate, and Other Biopolymers in Neuroprotection and Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Kruczkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3377-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Ga\u0142\u0119ziewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4798-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna Helena","family":"Grabowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8093-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Gromek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9639-9857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Czajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5584-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Rybicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8616-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Kciuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol Kamil","family":"K\u0142osi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"55","author":"Rotilio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ital. 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