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These compounds are utilized in the synthesis of resins, plant growth hormones, reducing dyes, tannins and other products. Notably, phenanthrenes possess significant pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, offering broad prospects for development, particularly in the fields of medicine and health. Interestingly, although aristolochic acid (AA) is a potent carcinogen, its lactam analogs can kill cancer cells and exhibit therapeutic effects against cancer. This provides a promising strategy for the toxicity-effect transformation of phenanthrenes. In this paper, we reviewed 137 articles to systematically review the anti-tumor potential and toxic effects of natural phenanthrenes isolated from the 19th century to the present, thus offering references and laying a foundation for their further research, development and utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:22:52Z","timestamp":1741350172000},"page":"1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Double-Edge Sword of Natural Phenanthrenes in the Landscape of Tumorigenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Precision Medication of Chinese Medicine, FuRong Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangshuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Precision Medication of Chinese Medicine, FuRong Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Precision Medication of Chinese Medicine, FuRong Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6372-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuanglin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Precision Medication of Chinese Medicine, FuRong Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2007.12.005","article-title":"Natural Phenanthrenes and Their Biological Activity","volume":"69","author":"Vasas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/00304948.2020.1714320","article-title":"A Simple Synthesis of Phenanthrene","volume":"52","author":"Gilbertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Org. 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