{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:25:41Z","timestamp":1778642741428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jinyin Li","award":["222357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222357"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid growth of the sauce-flavored liquor industry, the treatment of wastewater has become an increasingly critical challenge. This study seeks to assess the catalytic oxidation efficacy of Mn2Cu2Ox\/Al2O3 catalysts in the degradation of organic pollutants present in sauce-flavored liquor wastewater, while also elucidating the mechanisms underpinning their performance. Mn2Cu2Ox\/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties were thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques such as Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET) analysis, N2 sorption isotherm analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the key active species involved in the catalytic oxidation process, including hydroxyl radicals (\u2022OH) and superoxide anion radicals (\u2022O2\u2212), were identified through hydroxyl radical quenching experiments employing tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA). The contribution of these free radicals to enhancing the ozone catalytic oxidation performance was also systematically evaluated. Based on both experimental data and theoretical analyses, the Mn2Cu2Ox\/Al2O3 catalysts demonstrate remarkable catalytic activity and stability, significantly reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in wastewater. Furthermore, the catalysts are capable of activating oxygen molecules (O2) during the reaction, producing reactive oxygen species, such as \u2022O2\u2212 and \u2022OH, which are potent oxidizing agents that effectively decompose organic pollutants in wastewater. The proposed catalysts represent a highly promising solution for the treatment of sauce-flavored liquor wastewater and lays a solid foundation for its future industrial application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T12:02:59Z","timestamp":1741608179000},"page":"1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Degradation of Organic Matter in Sauce-Flavored Liquor Wastewater by Catalytic Oxidation Performance of Mn2Cu2Ox\/Al2O3 Catalysts in Treatment and Mechanism Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benfu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Municipal Engineering Zhongnan Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Municipal Engineering Zhongnan Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University Library, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suyi Design Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0514-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, M.B., and Mehrvar, M. 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