{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:39:37Z","timestamp":1791830377607,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) of Benguerir","award":["5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Four aromatic and therapeutic plants, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, and Foeniculum vulgare, were examined in this comparative study. The objectives were to assess its phytochemical composition; polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin content; antioxidant and antibacterial activity; bioactive molecule identification; and critical trace element quantification. Its aqueous and organic extracts were examined, focusing on ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extract\u2019s ability to neutralize free radicals was validated by phytochemical studies and antioxidant tests, underscoring their role in preventing oxidative stress. An Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography\u2014High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Orbitrap Exploris 120 (UPLC\u2013HRMS Orbitrap) was used to identify the bioactive chemicals, and the results showed a variety of compounds having antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The important trace elements found in these plants were also measured using a Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GF-AAS). These components are essential to the biological characteristics of the plants, especially their antioxidant and antibacterial capacities. Among the aqueous extracts, it was observed that Rosmarinus officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare exhibited a MIC of 3.91 \u00b5g\/mL against Staphylococcus. Additionally, R. officinalis also demonstrated a MIC of 3.91 \u00b5g\/mL against Escherichia coli. All of the data were interpreted and shown using principal component analysis. The results were grouped and explained using this statistical method, which revealed a strong association between the abundance of antibacterial and antioxidant chemicals in the four plants under investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1741839512000},"page":"1279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Minerals Element Profiling, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds by UPLC-HRMS Orbitrap in Four Aromatic and Medicinal Plants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Aicha","family":"Boubker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP: 1014, Ibn Battouta Avenue, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmoula","family":"El Ouardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology of Water, Food and Environment, National Institute of Hygiene, BP: 769, Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5027-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taha","family":"El Kamli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anti-Doping Control, Hassan II Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary, BP: 6202, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnane","family":"El Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP: 1014, Ibn Battouta Avenue, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Kaicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analysis, Geometry and Applications, Systems and Optimization, Ibn Tofail University, Campus of University, BP: 242, Kenitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faouzi","family":"Kichou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary, BP: 6202, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najia","family":"Ameur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology of Water, Food and Environment, National Institute of Hygiene, BP: 769, Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaoula","family":"Errafii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Genom, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic Center, BP: 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Ben Aakame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene, BP: 769, Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aicha","family":"Sifou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP: 1014, Ibn Battouta Avenue, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das Talukdar, A., Patra, J.K., Das, G., and Nath, D. 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