{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:49:49Z","timestamp":1775198989039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper shows the fabrication of a new environmentally friendly sensor, an activated glassy carbon electrode with an in situ deposited bismuth film (aGCE\/BiF), to determine Cd(II) and Pb(II) at the nanotrace level. The electrochemical activation of the GCE surface was achieved in a solution of 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of pH = 7 by performing five cyclic voltammetric scans in the range of \u22121.5\u20132.5 V at \u03bd of 100 mV\/s. The newly developed electrode provides several advantages, such as an increased electron active surface (compared to the glassy carbon electrode) and improved electron transfer kinetics. As a result, the new voltammetric procedure (square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, SWASV) was established and optimized. With the SWASV method, the following calibration curves and low detection limits (LODs) were obtained for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively: 5\u2013100 nM, 0.62 nM, 2\u2013200 nM, and 0.18 nM. The newly prepared method was used to determine the amounts of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the certified reference material, and the results agreed with the certified values. Moreover, the procedure was successfully applied to determine the Cd(II) and Pb(II) in river samples. The official and standard addition methods validated the measurement results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simultaneous Measurements of Nanotrace Amounts of Lead and Cadmium Using an Environmentally Friendly Sensor (An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with a Bismuth Film)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5893-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Tyszczuk-Rotko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8802-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksy","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101865","article-title":"Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity","volume":"34","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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