{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:37:50Z","timestamp":1788795470358,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hanyang University","award":["HY-2022-2895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HY-2022-2895"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is an essential strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change. In this study, the biochar of bamboo and orange peel (BB and OPB) are synthesized and appraised as potential CO2 adsorbents. Comprehensive characterizations viz. sorption isotherm, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM-EDS reveal substantial differences in their structural and functional properties. OPB exhibits a significantly higher BET surface area (40.13 m2\/g) compared to BBs (7.38 m2\/g). FTIR and EDS analyses further demonstrate more amine, carboxylic, ester, and ether functional groups in OPB, indicating its affinity for CO2 molecules. The CO2 adsorption isotherm shows a higher adsorption capacity (22.83 cm3\/g) in OPB than BB (14.12 cm3\/g) at 273 K and 1 bar. The adsorption process is augmented by mesoporous structures and interactions between surface functional groups and CO2 molecules. The thermogravimetric analysis further reveals the higher CO2 uptake capability of OPB than BB. This result also shows that the CO2 uptake stabilizes after 48 h for both the biochars. These results highlight the potential of OPB as an efficient CCS material, demonstrating the importance of specific biochar properties in the development of CO2 capture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30071607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:36:45Z","timestamp":1743737805000},"page":"1607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative Analysis of CO2 Adsorption Performance of Bamboo and Orange Peel Biochars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Choul Woong","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart City Engineering, Graduate School, Hanyang University ERICA, 1271 Sa-3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungho","family":"Tae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, 1271 Sa-3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumen","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Hanyang University ERICA, 1271 Sa-3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19764-0","article-title":"Global evaluation of carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions: Current challenges and future outlook","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.125924","article-title":"Past, present, future: Engagement with sustainable urban development through 35 city labels in the scientific literature 1990\u20132019","volume":"292","author":"Schraven","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7401","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-02905-3","article-title":"Modification of biomass-derived biochar: A practical approach towards development of sustainable CO2 adsorbent","volume":"14","author":"Amer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.107739","article-title":"An approach to utilize date seeds biochar as waste material for thermal energy storage applications","volume":"68","author":"Mandal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.105414","article-title":"Optimization of eco-friendly Pinus resinosa biochar-dodecanoic acid phase change composite for the cleaner environment","volume":"55","author":"Mandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166813","article-title":"A critical review of sustainable application of biochar for green remediation: Research uncertainty and future directions","volume":"904","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envdev.2023.100819","article-title":"Recent advancement and applications of biochar technology as a multifunctional component towards sustainable environment","volume":"46","author":"Amalina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143820","article-title":"Biochar industry to circular economy","volume":"757","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-020-05586-2","article-title":"Effects of biochar on soil fertility and crop productivity in arid regions: A review","volume":"13","author":"Diatta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, M., Lu, L., He, H., Li, J., Zhu, Z., and Zhu, Y. (2021). Applications of biochar and modified biochar in heavy metal contaminated soil: A descriptive review. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132414041"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.186","article-title":"Environmentally friendly fertilizers: A review of materials used and their effects on the environment","volume":"613","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.076","article-title":"Valorization of coffee grounds to biochar-derived adsorbents for CO2 adsorption","volume":"175","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114571","article-title":"Relationship of CO2 adsorption performance and physicochemical property of biochar prepared by different types of biomass waste","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.130757","article-title":"Comparative study on the adsorption performance of CO2 and Hg in flue gas using corn straw and pine biochar modified by KOH","volume":"359","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-016-1008-1","article-title":"Feasibility of CO2 adsorption by solid adsorbents: A review on low-temperature systems","volume":"13","author":"Younas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hybadv.2023.100056","article-title":"Relevance of wood biochar on CO2 adsorption: A review","volume":"3","author":"Francis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hybrid Adv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121147","article-title":"Gasification biochar from biowaste (food waste and wood waste) for effective CO2 adsorption","volume":"391","author":"Igalavithana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102433","article-title":"Biochar for a sustainable future: Environmentally friendly production and diverse applications","volume":"23","author":"Afshar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.12.021","article-title":"Biochar stability in soil: Decomposition during eight years and transformation as assessed by compound-specific 14C analysis","volume":"70","author":"Kuzyakov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12266","article-title":"Biochar stability in soil: Meta-analysis of decomposition and priming effects","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gcb Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.05.217","article-title":"Effect of pore structure on the thermal stability of shape-stabilized phase change materials","volume":"25","author":"Mandal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.104407","article-title":"Synthesis and application of paraffin\/silica phase change nanocapsules: Experimental and numerical approach","volume":"51","author":"Mandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2022.102991","article-title":"A review on progress made in direct air capture of CO2","volume":"29","author":"Sodiq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aabff4","article-title":"Negative emissions\u2014Part 3: Innovation and upscaling","volume":"13","author":"Nemet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2023.119416","article-title":"Direct Air capture (DAC) deployment: A review of the industrial deployment","volume":"283","author":"Bisotti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2024.104928","article-title":"Research status and prospects of CO2 geological sequestration technology from onshore to offshore: A review","volume":"258","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11643","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c05070","article-title":"Trends in research and development for CO2 capture and sequestration","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113215","article-title":"Carbon capture utilization and storage in review: Sociotechnical implications for a carbon reliant world","volume":"177","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.124037","article-title":"Direct air capture capacity configuration and cost allocation based on sharing mechanism","volume":"374","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nepal, J., Ahmad, W., Munsif, F., Khan, A., and Zou, Z. (2023). Advances and prospects of biochar in improving soil fertility, biochemical quality, and environmental applications. Front. Environ. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1114752"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.114055","article-title":"Does biochar improve soil water retention? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","author":"Razzaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2022.100059","article-title":"Recent advances in biochar-based adsorbents for CO2 capture","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon Capture Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17168","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.3c00445","article-title":"The application of biochar for CO2 capture: Influence of biochar preparation and CO2 capture reactors","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2021.100018","article-title":"Nitrogen enriched biochar used as CO2 adsorbents: A brief review","volume":"2","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon Capture Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01985-5","article-title":"Biochar-amended soil can further sorb atmospheric CO2 for more carbon sequestration","volume":"6","author":"Gui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koochi, Z.H., Jahromi, K.G., Kavoosi, G., and Ramezanian, A. (2023). Fortification of Chlorella vulgaris with citrus peel amino acid for improvement biomass and protein quality. Biotechnol. Rep., 39.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2023.e00806"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2023.03.011","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and removal performance of Cr(VI) by orange peel-based activated porous biochar from water","volume":"193","author":"Zhengfeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35878","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA06586B","article-title":"Preparation of biochar by mango peel and its adsorption characteristics of Cd (II) in solution","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29693","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA04537H","article-title":"A comprehensive review of enhanced CO2 capture using activated carbon derived from biomass feedstock","volume":"14","author":"Kundu","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EW00171K","article-title":"ZnCl2 activated mesoporous carbon from rice straw: Optimization of its synthetic process and its application as a highly efficient adsorbent for amoxicillin","volume":"10","author":"Sangon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.36348\/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon prepared from jute stick charcoal for industrial uses","volume":"5","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sch. Int. J. Chem. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.03.009","article-title":"Comparison of rice husk-and dairy manure-derived biochars for simultaneously removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions: Role of mineral components in biochars","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135283","article-title":"Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics, chemical speciation and environmental risk of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in biochars derived from pig manure","volume":"704","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.11.011","article-title":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of straw and lignosulfonate","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee, R., Sajjadi, B., Chen, W.-Y., Mattern, D.L., Hammer, N., Raman, V., and Dorris, A. (2020). Effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties and acoustic-based amination of biochar for efficient CO2 adsorption. Front. Energy Res., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2020.00085"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.07.143","article-title":"Shape-stabilized orange peel\/myristic acid phase change materials for efficient thermal energy storage application","volume":"8","author":"Mandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2017.01.005","article-title":"Pore characterization of different types of coal from coal and gas outburst disaster sites using low temperature nitrogen adsorption approach","volume":"27","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Siipola, V., Tamminen, T., K\u00e4lli, A., Lahti, R., Romar, H., Rasa, K., Keskinen, R., Hyv\u00e4luoma, J., Hannula, M., and Wikberg, H. (2025, March 15). Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons. Available online: https:\/\/bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu\/resources\/effects-of-biomass-type-carbonization-process-and-activation-method-on-the-properties-of-bio-based-activated-carbons\/."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1071\/SR10013","article-title":"Retention capacity of biochar-amended New Zealand dairy farm soil for an estrogenic steroid hormone and its primary metabolite","volume":"48","author":"Sarmah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Yu, Y., Wang, R., Chang, E., Hong, Z., Hua, H., Liu, H., Jiang, J., and Xu, R. (2022). Insights on mechanisms of aluminum phytotoxicity mitigation by canola straw biochars from different regions. Biochar, 4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-022-00179-6"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of wood and perennial grass biochars for possible composite application","volume":"11","author":"Behazin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16521","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01099","article-title":"Facile and economical functionalized hay biochar with dairy effluent for adsorption of tetracycline","volume":"5","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s42834-022-00150-x","article-title":"Chitosan impregnation of coconut husk biochar pellets improves their nutrient removal from eutrophic surface water","volume":"32","author":"Thongsamer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106869","article-title":"Recent advances in developing engineered biochar for CO2 capture: An insight into the biochar modification approaches","volume":"9","author":"Shafawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khandaker, T., Hossain, M.S., Dhar, P.K., Rahman, M.S., Hossain, M.A., and Ahmed, M.B. (2020). Efficacies of carbon-based adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture. Processes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8060654"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01176f","article-title":"Effect of pore size on carbon dioxide sorption by carbide derived carbon","volume":"4","author":"Presser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.04.115","article-title":"Superior CO2 adsorption on pine nut shell-derived activated carbons and the effective micropores at different temperatures","volume":"253","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2024.102727","article-title":"Advancements in CO2 capture by absorption and adsorption: A comprehensive review","volume":"81","author":"Soo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.04.183","article-title":"Melamine-nitrogenated mesoporous activated carbon derived from rice husk for carbon dioxide adsorption in fixed-bed","volume":"155","author":"Yaumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109582","article-title":"Biochar-based adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture: A critical review","volume":"119","author":"Dissanayake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1039\/C2TA00028H","article-title":"Nitrogen-containing porous carbons: Synthesis and application","volume":"1","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.23153","article-title":"Characteristics of CO2 adsorption on biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt","volume":"96","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sethupathi, S., Zhang, M., Rajapaksha, A.U., Lee, S.R., Mohamad Nor, N., Mohamed, A.R., Al-Wabel, M., Lee, S.S., and Ok, Y.S. (2017). Biochars as potential adsorbers of CH4, CO2 and H2S. Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9010121"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"77","article-title":"Synthesis of activated carbon and MCM-41 from bagasse and rice husk and their carbon dioxide adsorption capacity","volume":"2","author":"Boonpoke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Energy Env."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139845","article-title":"Carbon dioxide capture in biochar produced from pine sawdust and paper mill sludge: Effect of porous structure and surface chemistry","volume":"739","author":"Igalavithana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2009.09.042","article-title":"In situ nitrogen enriched carbon for carbon dioxide capture","volume":"48","author":"Thote","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02701500","article-title":"Development of carbon dioxide adsorbents using carbon materials prepared from coconut shell","volume":"22","author":"Son","year":"2005","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Many\u00e0, J.J., Garc\u00eda-Morcate, D., and Gonz\u00e1lez, B. (2020). Adsorption performance of physically activated biochars for postcombustion CO2 capture from dry and humid flue gas. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10010376"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/7\/1607\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:09:50Z","timestamp":1760029790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/7\/1607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30071607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30071607","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]}}}