{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1790229943105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE-2203669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-2203669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over 80 MT of elemental sulfur, a byproduct of fossil fuel desulfurization, are generated annually. This has spurred the development of high sulfur content materials (HSMs) via inverse vulcanization as a productive pathway towards sulfur utilization. In this study, we evaluate the antimicrobial performance of SunBG90, an HSM made from brown grease and sulfur, as tiles or infused into fabric squares. The static antimicrobial activity of SunBG90 tiles was assessed, revealing excellent efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, with reductions of 96.84% for Staphylococcus aureus and 91.52% for Listeria monocytogenes. The tiles also exhibited strong antifungal activity, reducing Candida auris by 96.20% and mold (fumigatus) by 83.77%. In contrast, efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria was more variable, with moderate reductions for Escherichia coli (61.10%) and Salmonella enteritidis (62.15%), lower activity against Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhi, and no effect on Clostridium perfringens. Under dynamic conditions, SunBG90-infused fabrics achieved a near-complete inhibition of L. monocytogenes (99.91%) and high reduction of E. coli (98.49%), along with a 96.24% inhibition of Candida auris. These results highlight the potential and limitations of SunBG90 for antimicrobial applications, emphasizing the need for further optimization to achieve consistent broad-spectrum activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30071614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1743749576000},"page":"1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Static and Dynamic Assessments of a Sulfur-Triglyceride Composite for Antimicrobial Surface Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shalini K.","family":"Wijeyatunga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1696-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perla Y.","family":"Sauceda-Olo\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3829-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawoda L.","family":"Kapuge Dona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara G. S.","family":"Guinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn M.","family":"Derr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn A.","family":"Tisdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlyn D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Tennyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6087-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhett C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11798","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03239","article-title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of Poly(trisulfides)","volume":"145","author":"Pople","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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