{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:38:49Z","timestamp":1783633129688,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing use of ionic liquids (ILs) necessitates an understanding of their environmental impact and toxicity levels. In this study, a series of amino acid-based ionic liquids containing the triethanolammonium (TEA) cation were evaluated for their biological activity against Lepidium sativum L., the mouse fibroblast cell line L929, a selection of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans. The influence of amino acid anion structure on toxicity was also examined. Among the tested ionic liquids, [TEA][Asp] exhibited low toxicity toward Lepidium sativum L., representing terrestrial plants, while [TEA][Phe] showed the lowest cytotoxicity. Regarding microbial activity, [TEA][Lys] demonstrated greater bactericidal effectiveness against E. coli than S. aureus, while both [TEA][Lys] and [TEA][Arg] exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against C. albicans. Our findings underscore the crucial role of IL salt composition in determining biological activity, highlighting the significance of interactions between IL components in shaping their potential effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30081712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T05:38:26Z","timestamp":1744349906000},"page":"1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phytotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Triethanolammonium Amino Acids Salts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Barbara Hanna","family":"Roman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9095-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Char\u0119za","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u03ccw 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Drozd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u03ccw 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Soko\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u03ccw 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2097-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Sobolewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u03ccw 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7396-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Janus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, P., Rajkhowa, S., Sen, A., and Sarma, J. 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