{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:40:18Z","timestamp":1781804418794,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province","award":["2023AH053041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH053041"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province","award":["2023AH053049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH053049"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province","award":["2024AH050564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AH050564"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province","award":["2024C891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C891"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation","award":["2023AH053041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH053041"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation","award":["2023AH053049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH053049"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation","award":["2024AH050564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AH050564"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation","award":["2024C891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C891"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coal gangue, a prevalent solid waste in the coal industry, has long been a significant concern due to its substantial production volume and potential environmental hazards. However, it contains valuable components such as silica and alumina, making it a promising raw material for synthesizing cementitious materials. This study focused on the synthesis of coal gangue-based magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) through mechanical\u2013thermal\u2013chemical composite activation treatment. The cementitious activity of coal gangue samples and the characterization of the resulting cementitious materials were analyzed using ICP-AES, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC-TG. Results indicated that calcination temperature, calcination time, the Ca\/Si molar ratio, and the Mg\/Si molar ratio were key factors influencing the cementitious activity of coal gangue, exhibiting a positive correlation with the dissolution amounts of Si4+ and Al3+. When kaolin in coal gangue was fully decomposed into active Al2O3 and SiO2, the cementitious activity of coal gangue reached its peak. M-S-H and C-S-H were successfully synthesized after 7 days of curing at room temperature, significantly reducing the synthesis time. The synthesized M-S-H and C-S-H exhibited large specific surface areas, good mechanical properties, and well-developed pore structures, making them suitable as mesoporous materials that provide numerous active sites for adsorbing metal ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30081725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1744365951000},"page":"1725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synthesis, Characterization, and Cementitious Activity of the Magnesium Silicate Hydrate and Calcium Silicate Hydrate from Coal Gangue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Water Conservancy Technical College, Hefei 231603, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Water Conservancy Technical College, Hefei 231603, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Water Conservancy Technical College, Hefei 231603, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Water Conservancy Technical College, Hefei 231603, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.111526","article-title":"Research progress of resourceful and efficient utilization of coal gangue in the field of building materials","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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