{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:13:45Z","timestamp":1760058825996,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2023YFS0342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0342"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify peptides from Lumbricus terrestris with neuroprotective effects. Two peptides (GYSFTTTAER and AVFPSIVGR) isolated from earthworms improved cell viability of the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3-tetrahydropyridinehydrochloride (MPP+), a commonly used model of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Both peptides increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulated the mRNAs of mitophagy regulators PINK1 and Parkin in the MPP+-damaged cells. The in vitro assay and molecular docking indicated that both peptides exhibited moderate PINK1 agonistic activity. Furthermore, GYSFTTTAER and AVFPSIVGR extended the lifespan, improved locomotor behavior, and raised the ATP and dopamine levels at all ages in PINK1B9 mutant flies, a PD model characterized by loss-of-function of PINK1. These findings suggest that earthworm-derived peptides possess anti-neurodegenerative properties and hold potential for the development of health products and therapeutic agents for PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30091952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T09:39:47Z","timestamp":1745833187000},"page":"1952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of Earthworm Peptides with Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yikao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9814-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Nutritive evaluation of earthworms as human food","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.02.028","article-title":"Comparative proteomic analysis of the sun-and freeze-dried earthworm Eisenia fetida with differentially thrombolytic activities","volume":"83","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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