{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:53:41Z","timestamp":1778601221379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12405385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12405385"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021JJ30565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30565"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12405385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12405385"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021JJ30565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30565"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The reaction of copper nitrate, phthalic acid (1,2-H2BDC), and bipyridine in ammonia\/ethanol media affords two multi-copper (II) cluster-based coordination polymers, namely {[Cu4(bpy)4(OH)2(BDC)2]\u00b72OH\u00b713H2O}n (USC-CP-6) and {[Cu2(BDC)2(bpy)2(H2O)]\u00b73H2O}n (USC-CP-7), under ambient conditions, with CP-6 forming at the bottom and CP-7 at the upper edge of the same beaker. The single-crystal structures reveal that it is a rare case of gradient-induced formation of different multi-copper(II) cluster-based CPs within a single-solution chemical reaction. CP-6 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, sp. gr. P21\/c, and is composed of chair-like tetranuclear [Cu4(\u03bc3-OH)2(bpy)4(BDC)2]2+ clusters as secondary building units, bridged by BDC2\u2212 ligands to form a two-dimensional layer framework, while CP-7 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, sp. gr. P21\/n, with binuclear [Cu2(1,2-BDC)2(bpy)2(H2O)] clusters linked by bridging BDC2\u2212 ligands to form a one-dimensional looped double chain. Through intermolecular \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking and hydrogen bonds between the coordination water, lattice water, and free oxygen atoms from carboxylate, both compounds yield a 3D supramolecular structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30091953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T09:39:47Z","timestamp":1745833187000},"page":"1953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Concentration Gradient-Induced Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Copper(II) Coordination Polymer Based on Phthalic Acid and 2,2\u2032-Bipyridine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"},{"name":"School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gengyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1628-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5750","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60442J","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks as solid catalysts for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles","volume":"43","author":"Dhakshinamoorthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. 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