{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:48:20Z","timestamp":1791654500772,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial infections are the primary cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. Fungal mastitis occurs in 1\u201312% of cases. Antibiotic therapy, the standard treatment for mastitis, has led to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing fungal mastitis occurrence. Antibiotics lack biocidal effects on fungi, which often exhibit resistance to antifungal agents. This study evaluated the antifungal properties of nanoparticles (NPs) against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Diutina rugosa var. rugosa, Diutina catenulata, and Diutina rugosa. Tested NPs included gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), copper (CuNPs), iron with hydrophilic carbon coating (FeCNPs) (1.56\u201325 mg\/L), and platinum (PtNPs) (0.625\u201310 mg\/L), along with their complexes. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) at 0.75\u201325 mg\/L for AuNPs, AgNPs, CuNPs, and FeCNPs and 0.313\u201310 mg\/L for PtNPs, as well as fungal sensitivity to standard antifungals, were determined. Each strain showed different sensitivities depending on the NPs used and their concentrations. C. glabrata was the most resistant to nanoparticles, while D. catenulata was the most susceptible. PtNPs and FeCNPs showed no or weak biocidal properties. Some mycotic-resistant strains were sensitive to nanoparticles. This study indicates a high in vitro antifungal potential for the application of nanoparticles, especially AgCuNPs, as a new effective non-antibiotic agent for the prevention and control of mycotic mastitis in dairy cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30102086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T06:47:15Z","timestamp":1746686835000},"page":"2086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nanoparticles as New Antifungals in the Prevention of Bovine Mycotic Mastitis Caused by Candida spp. and Diutina spp.\u2014In Vitro Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2002-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9117-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5861-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kali\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Nasi\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2727-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Skrzeczanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0645-433X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Go\u0142\u0119biewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial infection responsible for bovine mastitis","volume":"4","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.15446\/rfmvz.v66n3.84258","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal infectious etiology causing mastitis in dairy cows in the highlands of Boyac\u00e1 (Colombia)","volume":"66","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Vet. 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