{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:58:11Z","timestamp":1784710691201,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1924241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1924241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>After cannabidiol was extracted from the hemp biomass using supercritical CO2 extraction, the residual could be utilized as a source of other valuable ingredients. The stability of the extracted CBD in pre- and post- encapsulation states were evaluated. Dynamic macerations with ethanol and hexane were compared for CBD extraction. The ethanol extract yielded 0.11% \u00b1 0.10 CBD and 1.83% \u00b1 0.00 cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), while the hexane extraction yielded 0.08% \u00b1 0.04 CBD, 1.06% \u00b1 0.04 CBDA, and 0.30% \u00b1 0.04 delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC). Ethanol extraction was selected due to the low THC detection in the extract. The CBD extract was encapsulated using water soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM), maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and protein extracted from the hemp biomass waste (HBP) via freeze drying. The WSM-MD-GA 1:5 particle formulation exhibited superior thermal stability over 72 h, whereas the WSM-HBP-GA 1:5 formulation offered the most protection against UVa-induced degradation within the same duration. Incorporating hemp biomass protein as an encapsulation material enhanced protection against light exposure through UV absorption, although it did not grant thermal protection. These findings indicated that encapsulation significantly protects against CBD degradation when subjected to thermal and light conditions compared to non-encapsulated CBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30102116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T06:17:08Z","timestamp":1747030628000},"page":"2116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utilization of Industrial Hemp Biomass Waste (I): Stability of Cannabidiol in Pre and Post- Encapsulation States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jerel","family":"Crew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSU Interdisciplinary Graduate Engineering Research (TIGER) Institute, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit","family":"Patras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041","article-title":"Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications","volume":"175","author":"Pisanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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