{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:36:41Z","timestamp":1792805801989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chungbuk National University in 2023","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) and melatonin (MT) significantly influence photosynthetic processes by modulating redox homeostasis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and gene expression, particularly under abiotic stress conditions. This review summarizes the intricate crosstalk between NO and melatonin, focusing on their coordinated roles in regulating photosynthetic efficiency. Evidence from various plant species indicates that the application of exogenous NO and melatonin enhances chlorophyll content, photosystem efficiency (particularly PSII), and photosynthetic performance, mitigating stress-induced damage. Molecular analysis demonstrates that both molecules influence key photosynthetic gene modulating photosystems I and II, and Calvin cycle activities. Moreover, NO and melatonin collaboratively regulate stomatal movements through ABA, Ca2\u207a, and H2O2 signaling pathways, involving genes such as PMRT1, CIPKs, and OST1. Experimental data from diverse plant species under stress conditions, including drought, salinity, heavy metals, and flooding, highlight their synergistic protective effects. Exploring these mechanisms further may enable practical agricultural strategies involving combined NO and melatonin treatments to improve crop resilience and productivity under increasingly challenging environmental conditions. Future research directions should emphasize unraveling detailed molecular interactions, enabling targeted biotechnological applications in crop improvement programs for enhanced global food security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30102148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T11:31:49Z","timestamp":1747135909000},"page":"2148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nitric Oxide and Melatonin Cross Talk on Photosynthetic Machinery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Moon-Sub","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4108-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nusrat Jahan","family":"Methela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gun-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6670-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bong-Gyu","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2020.104099","article-title":"Effect of drought on growth, photosynthesis and total antioxidant capacity of the Saharan plant Oudeneya africana","volume":"176","author":"Talbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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