{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:18:21Z","timestamp":1760059101922,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund within the Innovative Economy Operational Programme","award":["POIG.01.03.01-00-133\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG.01.03.01-00-133\/08"]}]},{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","award":["POIG.01.03.01-00-133\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG.01.03.01-00-133\/08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Designed hen eggs enriched in DHA and EPA are an alternative source of essential phospholipids. This study assessed the effects of ovophospholipids on lymphocyte subsets in non-immunized mice and on the humoral immune response in sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-immunized mice. Ovophospholipids were administered orally for 14 days (once a day) at doses of 100, 10, and 1 mg\/kg. Ovophospholipids increased the total lymphocyte count of in the lymphoid organs. At 10 and 1 mg\/kg, ovophospholipids increased the subsets of CD4\u2212CD8\u2212 and CD4+CD8+ thymocytes but decreased the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes. A stimulating effect on splenocytes was particularly evident 24 h after administration of the 10 and 1 mg\/kg doses. Ovophospholipids also elevated the absolute counts of CD3+ and CD19+ splenocytes. An increase in the absolute count of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes of the mesenteric lymph nodes was observed 24 h after administration of the lowest dose. The increase in the percentage and absolute count of CD19+ cells and in the absolute count of CD3+ cells was still observed after 72 h. At all doses, ovophospholipids elevated the number of plaque-forming cells on day 4 and increased 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody titer on day 7 after priming. In conclusion, ovophospholipids can modulate the immune response in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T04:32:37Z","timestamp":1747888357000},"page":"2253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Ovophospholipids on Lymphocyte Subsets and Humoral Immune Response in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Lis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Szczypka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Suszko-Paw\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4332-7252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Bobak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 37, 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9511-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Obmi\u0144ska-Mrukowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Enrichment of hen eggs with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-physiological and nutritional aspects","volume":"10","author":"Bubel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Pol. Med. Weterinaria"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.08.010","article-title":"Advance in food-derived phospholipids: Sources, molecular species and structure as well as their biological activities","volume":"80","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huopalahti, R., L\u00f3pez-Fandi\u00f1o, R., Anton, M., and Schade, R. (2007). Composition and Structure of Hen Egg Yolk. Bioactive Egg Compounds, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-37885-3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, D., Ren, J., Ali, B., Jin, Y., Jin, Z., and Xu, X. (2021). Water-in-oil soybean concentrated phospholipids hydrolysis based on the model of enzymatic deactivation and its application in bread. Food Biosci., 44 Pt A.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.101412"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00333","article-title":"Egg quality and yolk polyunsaturated fatty acid status in relation to broiler breeder hen age and dietary n-3 oils","volume":"87","author":"Cherian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2006.03.004","article-title":"Effect of docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil supplementation on human leukocyte function","volume":"25","author":"Verlengia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.674","article-title":"Effects of oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on immune cell composition and function in healthy humans","volume":"79","author":"Kew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.03.010","article-title":"Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduces high levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in aging adults: A randomized, controlled study","volume":"132","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0658-4","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid reduces inflammation and joint destruction in mice with collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Olson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000986","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000986","article-title":"Orally Administered DHA-Enriched Phospholipids and DHA-Enriched Triglyceride Relieve Oxidative Stress, Improve Intestinal Barrier, Modulate Inflammatory Cytokine and Gut Microbiota, and Meliorate Inflammatory Responses in the Brain in Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Colitis in Mice","volume":"65","author":"Che","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-008-3176-3","article-title":"N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate in-vitro T cell function in type I diabetic patients","volume":"43","author":"Merzouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01951.x","article-title":"Dietary n-3 PUFA affect TcR-mediated activation of purified murine T cells and accessory cell function in co-cultures","volume":"130","author":"Chapkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.09.012","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid prevents dendritic cell maturation, inhibits antigen-specific Th1\/Th17 differentiation and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"25","author":"Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lian, M., Luo, W., Sui, Y., Li, Z., and Hua, J. (2015). Dietary n-3 PUFA Protects Mice from Con A Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Regulatory T Cells and PPAR-\u03b3 Expression. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132741"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.488","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic Acid Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Generating Tregs and IL-10\/TGF-\u03b2-Modified Macrophages via a TGF-\u03b2-Dependent Mechanism","volume":"135","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlsson, J.A., Wold, A.E., Sandberg, A.S., and \u00d6stman, S.M. (2015). The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Induce Mouse Dendritic Cells Maturation but Reduce T-Cell Responses In Vitro. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143741"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.178178","article-title":"n3 PUFAs reduce mouse CD4+ T-cell ex vivo polarization into Th17 cells","volume":"143","author":"Monk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12088","article-title":"Dendritic cell activation, phagocytosis and CD69 expression on cognate T cells are suppressed by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"139","author":"Teague","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1616","article-title":"Effects of docosahexaenoic acid-rich n-3 fatty acid supplementation on cytokine release from blood mononuclear leukocytes: The OmegAD study","volume":"87","author":"Vedin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.04.004","article-title":"Plant- and Animal-Derived Dietary Sources of Phosphatidylcholine Have Differential Effects on Immune Function in The Context of A High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats","volume":"154","author":"Rusnak","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M900101-JLR200","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid reduces suppressive and migratory functions of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells","volume":"50","author":"Yessoufou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0359","article-title":"The \u03c9-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances NK-Cell Antitumor Effector Functions","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez, S., Svahn, S.L., and Johansson, M.E. (2019). Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Immune Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205028"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512001560","article-title":"Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"107","author":"Miles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.09.010","article-title":"Dietary omega-3 fatty acids enhance the B1 but not the B2 cell immune response in mice with antigen-induced peritonitis","volume":"25","author":"Tomasdottir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5061949","article-title":"Effects of long-term oral administration of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on the immune functions of young rats","volume":"5","author":"Juman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(98)00162-3","article-title":"Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on surface molecules involved in T cell proliferation","volume":"1436","author":"Sasaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7960","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1396","article-title":"Dietary fish oil alters T lymphocyte cell populations and exacerbates disease in a mouse model of inflammatory colitis","volume":"70","author":"Woodworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0295-9","article-title":"The effects of EPA and DHA enriched fish oil on nutritional and immunological markers of treatment na\u00efve breast cancer patients: A randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M042457","article-title":"n-3 PUFAs enhance the frequency of murine B-cell subsets and restore the impairment of antibody production to a T-independent antigen in obesity","volume":"54","author":"Teague","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M049809","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl esters differentially enhance B-cell activity in murine obesity","volume":"55","author":"Teague","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0812394","article-title":"DHA-enriched fish oil targets B cell lipid microdomains and enhances ex vivo and in vivo B cell function","volume":"93","author":"Gurzell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, S., Bansal, Y., Kumar, R., and Bansal, G. (2020). A panoramic review of IL-6: Structure, pathophysiological roles and inhibitors. Bioorg Med. Chem., 28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115327"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.02.004","article-title":"Inhibition of IgE production by docosahexaenoic acid is mediated by direct interference with STAT6 and NF\u03baB pathway in human B cells","volume":"22","author":"Weise","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M000851","article-title":"n-3 PUFA improves fatty acid composition, prevents palmitate-induced apoptosis, and differentially modifies B cell cytokine secretion in vitro and ex vivo","volume":"51","author":"Rockett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003385","article-title":"Remodelling of primary human CD4+ T cell plasma membrane order by n-3 PUFA","volume":"119","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-011-0148-y","article-title":"Influence of betulinic acid on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response in mice","volume":"15","author":"Jine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-011-0059-y","article-title":"Influence of bestatin, an inhibitor of aminopeptidases, on T and B lymphocyte subsets in mice","volume":"14","author":"Lis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.126.3.423","article-title":"Immunization of dissociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice","volume":"126","author":"Mishell","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Hudson, L., and Hay, F.C. (1980). Practical Immunology, Blackwell Scientific Publications."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/11\/2253\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:38:06Z","timestamp":1760031486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/11\/2253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30112253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30112253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]}}}