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Previous studies in airway smooth muscle demonstrated that chronic exposure to testosterone (TES, 40 nM) enhances the relaxation induced by salbutamol and theophylline due to K+ channel increment, without modifying cyclooxygenase expression. This study examines how indomethacin, ibuprofen, and ASA affect K+ currents and the relaxation response to these bronchodilators. In organ baths, tracheas from young male guinea pigs chronically (48 h) treated with 40 nM TES showed increased relaxation to salbutamol and theophylline, which was completely abolished by indomethacin. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that TES increased salbutamol- and theophylline-induced K+ currents, and only indomethacin fully inhibited this potentiation; ibuprofen and ASA had partial effects. The involved currents included voltage-dependent K+ (KV) and high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels. Our results demonstrate that indomethacin exerts a dual action, inhibiting K+ channel activity and PG synthesis, unlike ibuprofen and ASA. This dual mechanism explains its stronger inhibitory effect on TES-enhanced ASM relaxation. These findings suggest that indomethacin may counteract the protective effects of TES, which promotes anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle-relaxing states. Therefore, it is advisable to exercise caution when prescribing indomethacin to young males with asthma, as the protective role of TES may diminish, potentially resulting in an exacerbation of asthma symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T07:04:28Z","timestamp":1747897468000},"page":"2259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Indomethacin Abolishes the Potentiation Effect of Testosterone on the Relaxation Induced by Salbutamol and Theophylline by Directly Blocking the K+ Channels in Airway Smooth Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Reyes-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abril","family":"Carbajal-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"D\u00edaz-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Embriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda F.","family":"Casas-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8329-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-021-01085-9","article-title":"A Scoping Review of Non-Medical and Extra-Medical Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)","volume":"44","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bindu, S., Mazumder, S., and Bandyopadhyay, U. 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