{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:54:34Z","timestamp":1790373274115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada","award":["ALLRP 570618-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALLRP 570618-21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process using food-grade ethanol to recover glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower through response surface methodology. The optimized extraction process was compared with traditional extraction using maceration with solvents such as methanol and acetone. The optimum UAE conditions identified for extracting glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower were: 42% ethanol as solvent at 43 \u00b0C for 30 min. The total glucosinolate content recovered was 7400 \u03bcg sinigrin equivalence (SE)\/g dry weight (DW) of biomass. The ultra-pressure liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) analysis confirmed that the optimized UAE yielded the highest levels of glucoraphanin (1.31 \u00b1 0.12 \u03bcg\/g DW of biomass) and sulforaphane (28.2 \u00b1 3.34 \u03bcg\/g DW of biomass). The extracts possess greater antioxidant activity as determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The optimized UAE process significantly enhanced the extraction of valuable phytochemical molecules from the upcycled cauliflower. Further studies should focus on evaluating their therapeutic and preventive potential for applications in nutrition and health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1748325172000},"page":"2326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hana Derbew","family":"Gedif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9779-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tess","family":"Astatkie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1131-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Tkaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3435-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. P. Vasantha","family":"Rupasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101324","article-title":"Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Glucosinolates from Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz by-Products: Process Optimization and Biological Activities of Green Extract","volume":"22","author":"Pagliari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.113668","article-title":"Optimization and Validation of Analytical RP-HPLC Methods for the Quantification of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates in Nasturtium officinale R. 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