{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T12:03:12Z","timestamp":1782561792973,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3504105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Rubia schumanniana E. Pritz. (RSP) and Rubia magna P. G. Xiao (RMP) are common adulterants of Rubiae radix et rhizoma (RRR). To realize RRR adulteration analysis, this paper conducted an identification evaluation of RRR based on liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Methods: After LC-MS analysis and data conversion, the ion intersections were taken from different batches of RSP, RMP, and RRR. Then, the proprietary ions of three herbs were obtained by taking the de-intersection. Finally, the top-n ions were treated as the \u201cion identity\u201d of RSP, RMP, and RRR for matching test samples to obtain the recognition index (RI) and combined chemometrics for analysis. Results: The identification evaluation of RRR can be realized based on the \u201cion identity\u201d, even if 3% RSP (or RMP) in RRR samples can still be recognized. Combined with chemometric analysis, three market samples were identified as adulterants, proving that identification evaluation based on \u201cion identity\u201d is reasonable. Conclusions: The \u201cion identity\u201d based on LC-MS, which helps in realizing RRR identification evaluation. It has important reference significance for RRR analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T04:27:58Z","timestamp":1748579278000},"page":"2385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification and Adulteration Evaluation of Rubiae Radix Et Rhizoma and Its Common Adulterants Based on LC-MS and Chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiating","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5122-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenguang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan, M., Yu, S., Yan, H., Chen, P., Zhang, L., and Ding, A. 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