{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:07Z","timestamp":1787029147414,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15PNIJ-23-GG-04234-RESS, 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PNIJ-23-GG-04234-RESS, 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE-1827209, 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-1827209, 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15PNIJ-23-GG-04234-RESS, 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PNIJ-23-GG-04234-RESS, 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE-1827209, 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-1827209, 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp, semi-synthetic cannabinoids, typically derived from hemp-extracted CBD, have been marketed as offering a \u201clegal high\u201d, raising concerns about consumer safety, labeling, and regulation. Consequently, the potency analysis of these compounds has become increasingly important. To address this need, an LC-DAD method was developed for the quantification of seventeen cannabinoids, selected based on the synthetic pathways of semi-synthetic cannabinoids. These included naturally occurring compounds, semi-synthetic derivatives, and byproducts (CBC, CBD, CBDV, CBG, CBN, CBN-O-acetate, CBT, 9(R)-HHC, 9(S)-HHC, 9(R)-HHC-O-acetate, 9(S)-HHC-O-acetate, \u03948-THC, \u03949-THC, \u03949,11-THC, \u03948-THC-O-acetate, \u03949-THC-O-acetate, and \u03949-THCV), using abnormal CBD as an internal standard. The method was validated according to ISO 17025 guidelines, demonstrating a linear calibration range from 0.1 to 50 \u00b5g\/mL. The method was further applied to the potency analysis of one \u03948-THC, two THC-O-acetate, two HHC, and one HHC-O-acetate vaping oil sample. Using an innovative method to recover the contents of vaping cartridges, cannabinoids were extracted using methanol, diluted to a concentration of 50 \u00b5g\/mL, and analyzed using the validated LC-DAD method, which provided a quantifiable range of 0.1 to 100% (w\/w). Method specificity was evaluated using ESI\/TOFMS and showed minimal interference, despite the presence of other isomers of the semi-synthetic cannabinoids in the samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1750051713000},"page":"2597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Potency Analysis of Semi-Synthetic Cannabinoids in Vaping Oils Using Liquid Chromatography Diode Array Detector with Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Confirmation of Analyte Identity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shaozhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6498-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Mahmud","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent D.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4700-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jocelyn P.","family":"Lanorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Deskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Quincy University, Quincy, IL 62301, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8147-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liguo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"971","article-title":"Cannabis sativa L.\u2014Cultivation and quality of raw material","volume":"23","author":"Golaszewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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