{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:03:29Z","timestamp":1790895809405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European City of Science Katowice"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A series of water-soluble molecules based on 8-isopropyl-2-methyl-5-nitroquinoline and 1,10-phenanthroline core were designed by introducing a \u03c0-conjugated bridge, vinyl unit \u2013CH=CH\u2013. We present the selective conversion of methyl groups located on the C2 and C9 positions in the constitution of selected quinoline or 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives, respectively, into vinyl (or styryl) products by applying Perkin condensation. The two groups of ligands differ in the presence of one or two arms. The structure of the molecule ((1E,1\u2032E)-(1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diyl)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis(benzene-4,1,3-triyl) tetraacetate was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The X-ray, NMR, and DFT computational studies indicate the influence of rotation (rotamers) on the physical properties of studied styryl molecules. The results show that the styryl molecules with the vinyl unit \u2013CH=CH\u2013 exhibit significant static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities. Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory and B3LYP\/6-311++G(d,p) with Grimme\u2019s dispersion correction approach predict the existence and relative stability of different spatial cis(Z)- and trans(E)-conformers of styryl derivatives of quinoline and 1,10-phenanthroline, which exhibit different electronic distribution and conjugation within the molecular skeleton, dipole moments, and steric interactions, leading to variations in their photophysical behavior and various applications. Our studies indicate that the rotation and isomerization of aryl groups can significantly influence the electronic and optical properties of \u03c0-conjugated systems, such as vinyl units (\u2013CH=CH\u2013). The rotation of aryl groups around the single bond that connects them to the vinyl unit can lead to changes in the effective \u03c0-conjugation between the aryl group and the rest of the \u03c0-conjugated system. The rotation and isomerization of aryl groups in \u03c0-conjugated systems significantly impact their electronic and optical properties. These changes can modify the efficiency of \u03c0-conjugation, affecting charge transfer processes, absorption properties, light emission, and electrical conductivity. In designing optoelectronic materials, such as organic dyes, organic semiconductors, or electrochromic materials, controlling the rotation and isomerization of aryl groups can be crucial for optimizing their functionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T09:57:48Z","timestamp":1750327068000},"page":"2659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["New Tools in Heavy Metal Detection: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Quantum Chemical Characterization of Selected Water-Soluble Styryl Derivatives of Quinoline and 1,10-Phenanthroline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0992-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek E.","family":"Nycz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Koli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12\/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9360-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliya","family":"Karaush-Karmazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieqiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9856-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pu\u0142kuPiechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8156-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Kusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pu\u0142kuPiechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balzani, V., Credi, A., and Venturi, M. 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