{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:02:40Z","timestamp":1790654560992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since ancient times, Royal Jelly (RJ) has been known for its remarkable properties in traditional medicine, and it is still widely recommended for mental and physical well-being. RJ consists of a unique and complex mixture of multiple constituents in different concentrations, and some of its biological activities are directly associated with specific components not found elsewhere in nature, such as (E)-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) and its precursor 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA), two medium-chain fatty acids. Together, 10-HAD and 10-HDAA represent the major constituents of the total lipid fraction in RJ, but despite their structural similarity, the former has been extensively investigated over the years, while the latter has been only marginally reported. This review focuses on the promising effects of 10-HDAA that have emerged in a series of recent in vitro, in vivo, and docking simulation studies. Important bioactivities were observed for 10-HDAA, tested both as an individual compound, especially for immunoregulatory, estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities, and in synergic combination with other molecules. Specific anti-infective effects against endemic diseases, as well as the structural modification to synthesize biocompatible and biodegradable 10-HDAA-based amphiphiles, are also reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30132694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:50:05Z","timestamp":1750654205000},"page":"2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Behind the Therapeutic Effects of Royal Jelly: Recent Advances in the Specific Properties of 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2236-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Gasbarri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8353-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botezan, S., Baci, G.M., Bagameri, L., Pa\u0219ca, C., and Dezmirean, D.S. (2023). Current Status of the Bioactive Properties of Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on Its Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031510"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Biological activities of royal jelly-review","volume":"44","author":"Pavel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Anim. Sci. Biotech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08780-3","article-title":"The effect of royal jelly in oxidative stress, athletic performance, and mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression in endurance athletes: Study protocol for a double-blind crossover trial","volume":"26","author":"Miryan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2019.1691496","article-title":"Royal jelly reduces depression-like behavior through possible effects on adrenal steroidogenesis in a murine model of unpredictable chronic mild stress","volume":"84","author":"Iegaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collazo, N., Carpena, M., Nunez-Estevez, B., Otero, P., Simal-Gandara, J., and Prieto, M.A. (2021). Health promoting properties of bee royal jelly: Food of the queens. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020543"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Campos, M.G., Fratini, F., Altaye, S.Z., and Li, J. (2020). New insights into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of royal jelly. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020382"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumitru, C., Neacsu, I., Grumezescu, A., and Andronescu, E. (2022). Bee-derived products: Chemical composition and applications in skin tissue engineering. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040750"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.30699\/mmlj17.6.1.22","article-title":"Overview on Bee products in Skin care and Hair care","volume":"6","author":"Gatea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod. Med. Lab. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2019.01070","article-title":"Royal jelly regulates the proliferation of humandermal microvascular endothelial cells through the down-regulation of a photoaging-related microRNA","volume":"13","author":"Kawano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348253","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2024.2348253","article-title":"Factors influencing the quality of Royal jelly and its components: A review","volume":"10","author":"Alkindi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104514","article-title":"Active components and biological functions of royal jelly","volume":"82","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"17","article-title":"Royal Jelly: Chemistry, Storage and Bioactivities","volume":"63","author":"Maghsoudlou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Apic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"20","article-title":"Royal Jelly: Organoleptic Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties","volume":"6","author":"Kausar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2011.12.007","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review","volume":"4","author":"Ramadan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.4.01.1.04","article-title":"Quality and standardisation of Royal Jelly","volume":"1","author":"Sabatini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. ApiProd. ApiMed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moutsatsou, P., Papoutsi, Z., Kassi, E., Heldring, N., Zhao, C., Tsiapara, A., Melliou, E., Chrousos, G., Chinou, I., and Karshikoff, A. (2010). Fatty acids derived from royal jelly are modulators of estrogen receptor functions. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015594"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156534","article-title":"10-Hydroxydec-2-enoic acid reduces vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation via interacting with Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"140","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, Y., Luo, H., Li, Z., Feng, Y., Liu, Z., and Chang, J. (2023). Metabolic Profile of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Is 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid a Pertinent Metabolic Adjuster?. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13080954"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9931","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03818D","article-title":"Glucose metabolism enhancement by 10-hydroxy 2-decenoic acid via the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway in high-fat-diet\/streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1363","article-title":"Royal Jelly Protects Against Ultraviolet B\u2013Induced Photoaging in Human Skin Fibroblasts via Enhancing Collagen Production","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15168","article-title":"Effect of Facial Application of Essence Containing Royal Jelly Extract on Stratum Corneum Moisture Content: A Placebo- Controlled, Double- Blind, Parallel-Group Study","volume":"21","author":"Maeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105868","article-title":"Royal Jelly Fatty Acids: Chemical Composition, Extraction, Biological Activity, and Prospect","volume":"111","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.1021\/jf051550p","article-title":"Chemistry and bioactivity of royal jelly from Greece","volume":"53","author":"Melliou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, K., Su, B., Dai, J., Li, P., Wang, R., and Yang, X. (2022). Anti-biofilm and Anti-hemolysis activities of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051485"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.15586\/ijfs.v35i4.2358","article-title":"10-Hydroxydec-2- enoic acid enhances the erythrocyte membrane fluidity via interacting with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine","volume":"35","author":"Sha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ital. J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X.M., Liu, S.B., Luo, Y.H., Xu, W.T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, T., Xue, H., Zuo, W.B., Li, Y.N., and Lu, B.X. (2020). 10-HDA induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells by regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-\u03baB, and TGF-\u03b21 signaling pathways. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3042636"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15392","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA02991E","article-title":"Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of medium chain fatty acids after oral administration of royal jelly to healthy subjects","volume":"9","author":"Yamaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-005-1445-6","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Some Hydroxy Fatty and Phosphoric Acid Esters of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid from the Royal Jelly of Honeybees (Apis mellifera)","volume":"40","author":"Noda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1602823","article-title":"Combination of emerging technologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds","volume":"60","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2024.106802","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of fatty acids from royal jelly and its effect on the structural and antioxidant property","volume":"104","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"4","article-title":"Study on the green synthesis process of 10-hydroxydecanoic acid","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Guangdong Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6697","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b00577","article-title":"Green process without thinning agents for preparing sebacic acid via solid-phase cleavage","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.17143","article-title":"10-hydroxy decanoic acid, trans-10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid, and sebacic acid: Source, metabolism and potential health functionalities and nutraceutical applications","volume":"89","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70041","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70041","article-title":"Fermented Royal Jelly Enriched With 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid and Its Potential for Enhancing Mucosal Immunity","volume":"13","author":"Itatani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.33.91","article-title":"The Mechanisms of M-cell Differentiation","volume":"33","author":"Kanaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosci. Microbiota Food Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00101","article-title":"10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid Potentially Elicits Antigen- Specific Iga Responses","volume":"43","author":"Isayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem036","article-title":"Estrogenic activities of Fatty acids and a sterol isolated from royal jelly","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583684","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3583684","article-title":"In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Three Fatty Acids from Royal Jelly","volume":"2016","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20467","article-title":"Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration","volume":"55","author":"Qin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106501","article-title":"10-Hydroxydecanoic acid inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by targeting p53 in microglial cells","volume":"84","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.07.005","article-title":"Microglia: Activation in acute and chronic inflammatory states and in response to cardiovascular dysfunction","volume":"42","author":"Badoer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02397G","article-title":"Combined royal jelly 10-hydroxydecanoic acid and aspirin has a synergistic effect against memory deficit and neuroinflammation","volume":"13","author":"You","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saleh, S.R., Agwah, R.G., Elblehi, S.S., Ghareeb, A.Z., Ghareeb, D.A., and Maher, A.M. (2025). Combination of 10-hydroxy-decanoic acid and ZnO nanoparticles abrogates lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00888-1"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04374-3","article-title":"10-Hydroxy Decanoic Acid and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Retrieve Nrf2\/HO-1 and Caspase-3\/Bax\/Bcl-2 Signaling in Lead-Induced Testicular Toxicity","volume":"203","author":"Maher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ornellas-Garcia, U., Cuervo, P., and Ribeiro-Gomes, F.L. (2023). Malaria and Leishmaniasis: Updates on co-infection. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1122411"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7425322","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7425322","article-title":"Insecticidal, Antimalarial, and Antileishmanial Effects of Royal Jelly and Its ThreeMain Fatty Acids, trans-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid, and Sebacic Acid","volume":"2022","author":"Alkhaibari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Screening for larvicidal activity in some Thai plants against four mosquito vector species","volume":"36","author":"Komalamisra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.10.003","article-title":"Composition and larvicidal activity of leaves and stem essential oils of Chloroxylon swietenia DC against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi","volume":"97","author":"Bhavani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"151683","article-title":"Amphiphiles Self-Assembly: Basic Concepts and Future Perspectives of Supramolecular Approaches","volume":"2015","author":"Lombardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Cond. Matter Phys."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17840","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA01507J","article-title":"Spectroscopic investigation of fluorinated phenols as pH-sensitive probes in mixed liposomal systems","volume":"4","author":"Gasbarri","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1021\/ar200226d","article-title":"Amphiphilic Building Blocks for Self-Assembly: From Amphiphiles to Supra-amphiphiles","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.05.003","article-title":"Synthesis and aggregation behaviour of a new sultaine surfactant","volume":"87","author":"Fontana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coll. Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7201","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SM00562J","article-title":"Amino acid containing amphiphilic hydrogelators with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities","volume":"18","author":"Mondal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8135","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC02569K","article-title":"Tuning the antimicrobial activity of low molecular weight hydrogels using dopamine autoxidation","volume":"56","author":"Cross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological activities of royal jelly: A mini-review","volume":"1","author":"Civelek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angioi, R., Morrin, A., and White, B. (2021). The rediscovery of honey for skin repair: Recent advances in mechanisms for honey-mediated wound healing and scaffolded application Techniques. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115192"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.84665","article-title":"In situ formed scaffold with royal jelly-derived extracellular vesicles for wound healing","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S., Baravkar, S.B., Lu, Y., Masoud, A.R., Zhao, Q., and Zhou, W. (2025). Molecular Modification of Queen Bee Acid and 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid with Specific Tripeptides: Rational Design, Organic Synthesis, and Assessment for Prohealing and Antimicrobial Hydrogel Properties. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30030615"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000443404","article-title":"Natural Products as a Vital Source for the Discovery of Cancer Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents","volume":"25","author":"Cragg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2010.00221.x","article-title":"Natural products for cancer chemotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Demain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1934578X221144579","article-title":"Natural Products as Cancer Chemo-Preventive Agents: Where We Stand","volume":"17","author":"Boretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400423","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2024.2400423","article-title":"Exploring fatty acids from royal jelly as a source of histone deacetylase inhibitors: From the hive to applications in human well-being and health","volume":"19","author":"Maeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DEWS Epidemiology (2007). The epidemiology of dry eye disease: Report of the epidemiology subcommittee of the international dry eye WorkShop. Ocul. Surf., 5, 93\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70082-4"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bu, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, R., Lin, S., Zhuang, J., Sun, L., Zhang, L., He, H., Zong, R., and Wu, Y. (2024). Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease\u2014Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040422"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue, S., Kawashima, M., Hisamura, R., Imada, T., Izuta, Y., Nakamura, S., Ito, M., and Tsubota, K. (2017). Clinical evaluation of a royal jelly supplementation for the restoration of dry eye: A prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled study and an experimental mouse model. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169069"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamaga, M., Imada, T., Tani, H., Nakamura, S., Yamaki, A., and Tsubota, K. (2021). Acetylcholine and Royal Jelly fatty acids combinations as potential dry eye treatment components in mice. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082536"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930255","article-title":"Neurohumoral control of gastrointestinal motility","volume":"52","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2018.4340","article-title":"Effect of royal jelly on mouse isolated ileum and gastrointestinal motility","volume":"22","author":"Kagota","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.120924","article-title":"Hypoallergenicity and immunological characterization of enzyme-treated royal jelly from Apis mellifera","volume":"77","author":"Moriyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornara, L., Biagi, M., Xiao, J., and Burlando, B. (2017). Therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds from different honeybee products. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00412"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.68.767","article-title":"Identification of a collagen production-promoting factor from an extract of royal jelly and its possible mechanism","volume":"68","author":"Okamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/13\/2694\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:56:31Z","timestamp":1760032591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/13\/2694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30132694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30132694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]}}}