{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:27:08Z","timestamp":1760059628315,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-73-01085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-73-01085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Folic acid (FA) is used as a targeting ligand for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, some types of which overexpress folate receptors on their surface. However, while the preparation of conjugates containing FA may comprise a multi-step process, FA presents low photostability under UV irradiation. In addition, FA undergoes radiolysis under the action of ionizing radiation, which is utilized for drug sterilization. In this study, we investigate the stability of FA in a conjugate (FA-PVP-C60) with fullerene C60 and polyvinylpyrrolidone under the action of UV (205\u2013400 nm) and electron irradiation (doses from 2 to 8 kGy) at different pH (4.5, 7.2, 10.7). The degradation of FA is studied using fluorescence and UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy. It is found that the fullerene C60 in the FA-PVP-C60 conjugate suppresses the degradation of FA during both photolysis and radiolysis, which is confirmed by the decrease in the quantum yield of fluorescence and the radiation chemical yield of FA destruction accompanied by increasing fullerene content in the conjugate (from 2.8 to 10 wt.%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30132718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T08:50:57Z","timestamp":1750755057000},"page":"2718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Degradation of Folic Acid in the Composition of a Conjugate with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Fullerene C60 Under UV and E-Beam Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7618-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina A.","family":"Borisenkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy V.","family":"Baykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna V.","family":"Titova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Bakhmetyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theory of Materials Science, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Markova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanna B.","family":"Lyutova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton V.","family":"Popugaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladislav S.","family":"Khaleev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor P.","family":"Sedov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Wang, Q., Xia, G., Adilijiang, N., Li, Y., Hou, Z., Fan, Z., and Li, J. (2023). Recent Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Strategy for Enhancing Oncotherapy. 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