{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:56:33Z","timestamp":1787871393262,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Polytechnic Institute (Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional)","award":["SIP 20231809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20231809"]}]},{"name":"National Polytechnic Institute (Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional)","award":["SIP 20240733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20240733"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Overexploitation has led to a rise in pathogenic bacteria within aquaculture, increasing reliance on antibiotics, and developing microorganism resistance. This situation underscores the need to explore alternatives with a reduced ecological impact. Metabolites derived from essential oils have demonstrated antimicrobial properties that can inhibit or diminish the activity of various microorganisms. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils against pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Comamonas, Vibrio, Acinetobacter, and Empedobacter) isolated from tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) brooded in Hidalgo State, Mexico, were investigated. Diffusion tests were conducted using discs infused with 12 different antibiotics and discs infused with essential oils at concentrations of 15, 10, and 5 \u03bcL each. Minimal inhibitory concentration tests were performed using a 96-well microplate format. All bacterial strains exhibited multi-resistance to various antibiotics; however, thyme and cinnamon effectively inhibited the tested bacteria at the lowest concentrations, while tea tree oil was the least effective. The findings suggest the potential incorporation of thyme and cinnamon as an alternative prevention to decrease the use of antibiotic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30132799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T11:37:51Z","timestamp":1751283471000},"page":"2799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Tea Tree, and Thyme Essential Oils Against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in Aquaculture Farms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7932-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen A.","family":"Terrazas-Pineda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0901-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Alamilla-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9657-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Ariadna","family":"Acero-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESDAI, Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin 498, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP 03920, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Damas-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6468-5289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-1187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalva","family":"Mora-Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3466-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Vega-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Acad\u00e9mica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km. 1, Ex hacienda Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo CP 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n Ricardo","family":"G\u00f3mez-de Anda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Acad\u00e9mica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km. 1, Ex hacienda Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo CP 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06968","article-title":"Nutritional Profile of Wild, Pond-, Gher- and Cage-Cultured Tilapia in Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1985","article-title":"Marketing of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in southern state of Mexico","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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