{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:28:39Z","timestamp":1760059719152,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade-Faculty of Medicine","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200161","451-03-136\/2025-03\/200178","451-03-137\/2025-03\/200110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on the traditional use of Alchemilla L. species for the treatment of diabetes, the effect of the methanol extract of Alchemilla viridiflora (AVM) on enzyme activity in vitro and its impact on blood glucose levels in vivo were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin. AVM was administered to both normal and STZ-diabetic rats for 20 days at three different doses. Blood glucose levels and body weights of the treated animals were monitored throughout the experiment. After 20 days, serum insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high- and low-density lipoproteins were measured. In addition, a histological analysis of the pancreas was performed. The AVM demonstrated inhibitory effects on the activities of all tested enzymes. In the in vivo experiment, a statistically significant reduction in body weight was observed in the AVM-treated animals at all three doses compared with the normal control group. Notably, a dose of 200 mg\/kg significantly decreased blood glucose levels on both the 10th day and 20th day (p &lt; 0.05). However, the extract showed no statistically significant effects on the tested biochemical parameters. Overall, the results of this study suggest that AVM has potential for the treatment of hyperglycemia associated with diabetes and obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30132819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T11:37:51Z","timestamp":1751283471000},"page":"2819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antihyperglycemic Activity of Alchemilla viridiflora Herb Methanol Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7324-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena S.","family":"Radovi\u0107 Selgrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0618-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du\u0161an J.","family":"U\u0161jak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6298-0599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina T.","family":"Milenkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2641-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda Lj.","family":"Milinkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5733-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radmila M.","family":"Jankovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology \u201cProf. dr \u0110or\u0111e Joannovi\u0107\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Suboti\u0107a starijeg 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3424-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovan B.","family":"Jevti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology \u201cProf. dr \u0110or\u0111e Joannovi\u0107\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Suboti\u0107a starijeg 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6116-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenija S.","family":"Mileski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden \u201cJevremovac\u201d, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2319-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan S.","family":"Niketi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum, Njego\u0161eva 51, 11111 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila St. 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana D.","family":"Kundakovi\u0107-Vasovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology2020004","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: Insights from epidemiology, biochemistry, risk factors, diagnosis, complications and comprehensive management","volume":"2","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4103\/ajm.ajm_53_20","article-title":"Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Banday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/2468-8827.184853","article-title":"WHO Global report on diabetes: A summary","volume":"1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Noncommun. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhowmik, B., Siddiquee, T., Mujumder, A., Afsana, F., Ahmed, T., Mdala, I.A., Do V. Moreira, N.C., Khan, A.K.A., Hussain, A., and Holmboe-Ottesen, G. (2018). Serum lipid profile and its association with diabetes and prediabetes in a rural Bangladeshi population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091944"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yedjou, C.G., Grigsby, J., Mbemi, A., Nelson, D., Mildort, B., Latinwo, L., and Tchounwou, P.B. (2023). The management of diabetes mellitus using medicinal plants and vitamins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24109085"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Governa, P., Baini, G., Borgonetti, V., Cettolin, G., Giachetti, D., Magnano, A.R., Miraldi, E., and Biagi, M. (2018). Phytotherapy in the management of diabetes: A review. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010105"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111656","article-title":"A review on network pharmacology based phytotherapy in treating diabetes- An environmental perspective","volume":"202","author":"Venkateswaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.08.012","article-title":"An update on natural compounds in the remedy of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Choudhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.12.027","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic effects and mechanism of Bidens pilosa water extract","volume":"122","author":"Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6723931","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6723931","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols, mediterranean diet, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes: A narrative review of the evidence","volume":"2017","author":"Merino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.15","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, D., Xiao, M., Zhao, J., Li, Z., Xing, B., Li, X., Kong, M., Li, L., Zhang, Q., and Liu, Y. (2016). An overview of plant phenolic compounds and their importance in human nutrition and management of type 2 diabetes. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101374"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i2.176","article-title":"Phytotherapy in diabetes: Review on potential mechanistic perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Schaalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.09.002","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants on Suva planina mountain (south-eastern Serbia)","volume":"175","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/09735070.2014.11886477","article-title":"Reflections of socio-economic and demographic structure of urban and rural on the use of medicinal and aromatic plants: The sample of Trabzon Province","volume":"8","author":"Akbulut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud. Ethno-Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanak, S., Krzemi\u0144ska, B., Celi\u0144ski, R., Bakalczuk, M., and Dos Santos Szewczyk, K. (2022). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Alchemilla species. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11202709"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"66","article-title":"Lady\u2019s mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L., Rosaceae): A review of traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological properties","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lek. Sirovine"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phytochemical screening of Alchemilla vulgaris, Sophora japonica, Crataegus azarolus, and their inhibitory activity on lipase and \u03b1-amylase","volume":"6","author":"Samah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.07.17.07.117","article-title":"Bioassay guided isolation of active compounds from Alchemilla barbatiflora Juz","volume":"12","author":"Renda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rec. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uzunkaya, \u00c7., G\u00f6kkaya, \u0130., Akkaya, D., Soral, M., Seyhan, G., Barut, B., Y\u0131lmaz, M.A., and Renda, G. (2025). Phytochemical analysis and assessment of antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of Alchemilla pseudocartalinica Juz. Chem. Biodivers., 22.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401217"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37474","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA08231J","article-title":"Alchemilla vulgaris agg. (Lady\u2019s mantle) from central Balkan: Antioxidant, anticancer and enzyme inhibition properties","volume":"9","author":"Zengin","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2018.65487","article-title":"Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of Alchemilla persica Rothm. in mice with diabetes induced by alloxan","volume":"16","author":"Kirmizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.005","article-title":"Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activity of Alchemilla mollis","volume":"86","author":"Ozbek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00405106","article-title":"Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice","volume":"33","author":"Day","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04410-7","article-title":"Alchemilla viridiflora Rothm.: The potent natural inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme","volume":"477","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suru\u010di\u0107, R., Radovi\u0107 Selgrad, J., Kundakovi\u0107-Vasovi\u0107, T., Lazovi\u0107, B., Travar, M., Suru\u010di\u0107, L., and \u0160krbi\u0107, R. (2022). In silico and in vitro studies of Alchemilla viridiflora Rothm\u2014Polyphenols\u2019 potential for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 internalization. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165174"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02684-9","article-title":"Flavonoid glucuronides are substrates for human liver beta-glucuronidase","volume":"503","author":"Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okuka, N., Ivanovi\u0107, N.D., Milinkovi\u0107, N., Polovina, S., Sumarac-Dumanovi\u0107, M., Mini\u0107, R., Djordjevi\u0107, B., and Veli\u010dkovi\u0107, K. (2025). Probiotic supplementation improves hematological indices and morphology of red blood cells and platelets in obese women: A double-blind, controlled pilot study. Metabolites, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15050310"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front. Psychol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1705","article-title":"Secondary metabolites of Alchemilla persica growing in Iran (East Azarbaijan)","volume":"10","author":"Afshar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"10","article-title":"Bioactivities of Alchemilla mollis, Alchemilla persica and their active constituents","volume":"58","author":"Kurtul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2006.04.010","article-title":"Structural studies of methyl brevifolincarboxylate in solid state by means of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations","volume":"825","author":"Wolniak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.1227","article-title":"Spectroscopy characterization of the interaction between brevifolin carboxylic acid and bovine serum albumin","volume":"26","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jela\u010da, S., Daji\u0107-Stevanovi\u0107, Z., Vukovi\u0107, N., Kola\u0161inac, S., Trendafilova, A., Nedialkov, P., Stankovi\u0107, M., Tani\u0107, N., Tani\u0107, N.T., and Acovi\u0107, A. (2022). Beyond traditional use of Alchemilla vulgaris: Genoprotective and antitumor activity in vitro. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238113"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8426752","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8426752","article-title":"Antiobesity and antioxidant potentials of selected Palestinian medicinal plants","volume":"2018","author":"Jamous","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effect of varying dose and administration of streptozotocin on blood sugar in male CD1 mice","volume":"54","author":"Aguilar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"5.47.1","article-title":"Streptozotocin-induced diabetic models in mice and rats","volume":"70","author":"Furman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0886-7","article-title":"The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Lenzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37611-2","article-title":"Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on low density lipoprotein receptor ex-pression in rat adipose tissue","volume":"37","author":"Swami","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"The vascular effect of glibenclamide: A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Sode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mladenova, S.G., Vasileva, L.V., Savova, M.S., Marchev, A.S., Tews, D., Wabitsch, M., Ferrante, C., Orlando, G., and Georgiev, M.I. (2021). Anti-adipogenic effect of Alchemilla monticola is mediated via PI3K\/AKT signaling inhibition in human adipocytes. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.707507"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Anti-helicobacter pylori activity of four Alchemilla species (Rosaceae)","volume":"10","author":"Masia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AL-Ishaq, R.K., Abotaleb, M., Kubatka, P., Kajo, K., and B\u00fcsselberg, D. (2019). Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: Cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9090430"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamsudin, N.F., Ahmed, Q.U., Mahmood, S., Shah, S.A.A., Sarian, M.N., Khattak, M.M.A.K., Khatib, A., Sabere, A.S.M., Yusoff, Y.M., and Latip, J. (2022). Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: A review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012605"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.561379","article-title":"Advance in dietary polyphenols as \u03b1-glucosidases inhibitors: A review on structure-activity relationship aspect","volume":"53","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2003.09.045","article-title":"Structural requirements of flavonoids for inhibition of protein glycation and radical scavenging activities","volume":"11","author":"Matsuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.03.040","article-title":"Structural requirements of flavonoids for the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"19","author":"Matsuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.09.033","article-title":"Antimutagenic and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory effects of constituents from Kaempferia parviflora","volume":"125","author":"Azuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Activities of tannins\u2014From in vitro studies to clinical trials","volume":"10","author":"Sieniawska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"70","article-title":"Tannins: An antinutrient with positive effect to manage diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Kumari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. J. Recent Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5724902","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5724902","article-title":"Inhibition of \u03b1-amylases by condensed and hydrolysable tannins: Focus on kinetics and hypoglycemic actions","volume":"2017","author":"Kato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enzyme Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-010-0402-0","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of Rosa gallica on the digestive enzymes","volume":"64","author":"Ochir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kashchenko, N.I., Chirikova, N.K., and Olennikov, D.N. (2017). Agrimoniin, an active ellagitannin from Comarum palustre herb with anti-\u03b1-glucosidase and antidiabetic potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010073"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Tutin, T., Heywood, V., Burges, N., Moore, D., Valentine, D., and Walters, S. (1981). Alchemilla, L. Flora Europaea, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"171","article-title":"Black trumpet, Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers.: Culinary mushroom with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and cytotoxic activity","volume":"72","author":"Dodevska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickramaratne, M.N., Punchihewa, J.C., and Wickramaratne, D.B.M. (2016). In-vitro alpha amylase inhibitory activity of the leaf extracts of Adenanthera pavonina. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1452-y"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Fucus spiralis extract and fractions: Anticancer and pharmacological potentials","volume":"25","author":"Etahiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. BUON"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7765","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7765","article-title":"Chemical profile and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino leaves","volume":"7","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Peer J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaradat, N., Zaid, A.N., Hussein, F., Zaqzouq, M., Aljammal, H., and Ayesh, O. (2017). Anti-lipase potential of the organic and aqueous extracts of ten traditional edible and medicinal plants in Palestine; a comparison study with orlistat. Medicines, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines4040089"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v19i4.6","article-title":"Exploration of hypoglycemic effect of an extract from leaves of a plant from Tunisian pharmacopeia: Artemisia campestris (Asteraceae)","volume":"19","author":"Belgacem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3491","article-title":"Antidiabetic activity of standardized extract of Quassia amara in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"25","author":"Husain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"54","article-title":"Streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in male Wistar rats","volume":"18","author":"Stefek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/13\/2819\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:02:18Z","timestamp":1760032938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/13\/2819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30132819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30132819","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}