{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:33:46Z","timestamp":1791657226686,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":308,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxysterols can be derived from the diet, physiologically produced via specific enzymes, or are generated by autoxidation. These molecules have physiological properties and can also adversely affect vital organs. Indeed, some of them have pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities and can lead to major pathologies. The present review focuses on oxysterols (7-ketocholesterol, 7\u03b2-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6\u03b1-epoxycholesterol, 5,6\u03b2-epoxycholesterol, and cholestane-3\u03b2, 5\u03b1, 6\u03b2-triol) involved either in cholesterol metabolism, age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and eye diseases, e.g., sarcopenia), and inflammatory diseases (especially Behcet\u2019s disease and bowel and lung diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis, COVID-19)). Metabolic pathways associated with oxysterol-induced inflammation are discussed considering the cytokinic TLR4 pathway, non-cytokinic pathways, and the contribution of Ca2+ and K+ channels. Therapeutic approaches targeting oxysterol-induced inflammation either by natural or synthetic molecules are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30132883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1751878703000},"page":"2883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Oxysterol-Induced Inflammation in Human Diseases: Strategies for Treatment with Natural Compounds and Synthetic Molecules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatiha","family":"Brahmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometrics, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"Mackrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imen","family":"Ghzaiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, University Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Rezig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LR11ES24, LIP-MB \u2018Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules\u2019, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis 1080, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Food Industries, University of Carthage, 58 Alain Savary Street, El Khadra City, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6944-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rym","family":"Benkhalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomolecules Venom and Theranostic Applications, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9190-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Zarrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS \u2018Nutrition\u2014Functional Food & Vascular Health\u2019, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Jouanny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Internal Medicine Department (Champmaillot), University Hospital Center, Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne Europe, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4063-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Vejux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre des Sciences du Go\u00fbt et de l\u2019Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Lizard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYNOHA Consulting, 21121 Fontaine-l\u00e8s-Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canzoneri, F., Leoni, V., Rosso, G., Risso, D., Menta, R., and Poli, G. 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