{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:18:52Z","timestamp":1780496332929,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Project for Basic Research and Talent Cultivation of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["JXSNKYJCRC202454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC202454"]}]},{"name":"Special Project for Basic Research and Talent Cultivation of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["JXXTCX202513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXXTCX202513"]}]},{"name":"Special Project for Collaborative Innovation in Modern Agricultural Research of Jiangxi Province","award":["JXSNKYJCRC202454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC202454"]}]},{"name":"Special Project for Collaborative Innovation in Modern Agricultural Research of Jiangxi Province","award":["JXXTCX202513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXXTCX202513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anthocyanins (ACNs), characterized by their polyhydroxy structures, exhibit high susceptibility to external environmental factors, which significantly limits their application in the food and industrial sectors. To enhance the stability of anthocyanins, anthocyanin nanoliposomes (ACN-NLs) were developed, with encapsulation efficiency, particle size and zeta potential serving as key evaluation parameters. Furthermore, through layer-by-layer self-assembly and electrostatic interactions, ACN-NLs were modified using synanthrin (SY) and pea protein isolate (PPI). Consequently, PPI-modified ACN-NLs (PPI-ACN-NLs) and SY-PPI-modified ACN-NLs (SY-PPI-ACN-NLs) were successfully synthesized. In this study, the structural characteristics of liposomes were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), their in vitro digestibility was evaluated, and their stability under different temperatures, light conditions, and simulated food system conditions was assessed. The results demonstrated that when the mass ratio of soybean lecithin to cholesterol, soybean lecithin to anhydrous ethanol, and drug-to-lipid ratio were set at 5:1, 3:100, and 3:10, respectively, with an ACN concentration of 4 mg\/mL, a pea protein solution with pH 3.0, a PPI concentration of 10 mg\/mL, and an SY concentration of 8 mg\/mL, the prepared ACN-NLs, PPI-ACN-NLs, and SY-PPI-ACN-NLs exhibited optimal performance. Their respective encapsulation efficiencies were 52.59 \u00b1 0.24%, 83.80 \u00b1 0.43%, and 90.38 \u00b1 0.24%; average particle sizes were 134.60 \u00b1 0.76 nm, 213.20 \u00b1 0.41 nm, and 246.60 \u00b1 0.24 nm zeta potentials were \u221232.4 \u00b1 0.75 mV, \u221227.46 \u00b1 0.69 mV, and \u221216.93 \u00b1 0.31 mV. The changes in peak shape observed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), in vitro digestion profiles, and alterations in anthocyanin release rates under different conditions collectively indicated that the modification of ACN-NLs using SY and PPI enhanced the protective effect on the ACNs, improving their biological activity, and providing a robust foundation for the practical application of ACNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30142892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T07:31:57Z","timestamp":1751959917000},"page":"2892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Preparation, Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Anthocyanin Nanoliposomes Before and After Double-Layer Modification Using Synanthrin and Pea Protein Isolate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lianlian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource Mining, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1520-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Aniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengping","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaozhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource Mining, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoji","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-018-3520-4","article-title":"Changes in characteristics of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) during different growth stages","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2021.11.014","article-title":"Effects of different drying methods on phenolic components and in vitro hypoglycemic activities of pulp extracts from two Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucchi.) cultivars","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Well."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, F., Zhao, R., and Xia, M. (2020). Impact of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside on gut microbiota and relationship with metabolism and inflammation in high fat-high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistant mice. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-36586\/v1"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"3096","article-title":"Dietary polyglycosylated anthocyanins: The smart option? A comprehensive review on their health benefits and technological applications","volume":"121","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fornabaio, S., Zi, B.L., and Maserati, M. (2016). Determination of cyanidin 3-glucoside in rat brain, liver and kidneys by UPLC\/MS-MS and its application to a short-term pharmacokinetic study. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22815"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1632","article-title":"Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers","volume":"4","author":"Tor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, J.W., Liu, Y.S., and Guo, Y.R. (2022). Nanoliposomes double loaded with curcumin and tetrandrine: Preparation, characterization, hepatotoxicity and anti-tumor effects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126858"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.05.136","article-title":"Liposomes coated with thiolate chitosan as drug carriers of curcumin","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109077","article-title":"Nano\/microencapsulation of anthocyanins: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Sharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.076","article-title":"Colonic delivery of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside using pectin-chitosan-nanoliposome: Transport mechanism and bioactivity retention","volume":"159","author":"Shishir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, C., Wang, J., and Sun, B. (2021). Biopolymer-liposome hybrid systems for controlled delivery of bioactive compounds: Recent advances. Biotechnol. Adv., 48.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107727"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.17110","article-title":"Modification of liposomes: Preparation, purpose, methods and application in food","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2015.08.016","article-title":"Biopolymer-coated liposomes by electrostatic adsorption of chitosan as novel delivery systems for carotenoids","volume":"52","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.107474","article-title":"Pea proteins as emerging biopolymers for the emulsification and encapsulation of food bioactives","volume":"126","author":"Haddadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131832","article-title":"A combined approach for modifying pea protein isolate to greatly improve its solubility and emulsifying stability","volume":"380","author":"Zhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2016.1242135","article-title":"Pea protein isolates: Structure, extraction, and functionality","volume":"34","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1039\/b718319d","article-title":"Interfacial structure and stability of food emulsions as affected by protein\u2014polysaccharide interactions","volume":"4","author":"Dickinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110421","article-title":"Study on the gel properties, interactions, and pH stability of pea protein isolate emulsion gels as influenced by inulin","volume":"137","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6543","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01988","article-title":"Characterization of endogenous nanoparticles from roasted chicken breasts","volume":"66","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.017","article-title":"Cholesterol modulates the liposome membrane fluidity and permeability for a hydrophilic molecule","volume":"113","author":"Kaddah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5982","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c05884","article-title":"Lecithin\/Cholesterol\/Tween 80 Liposomes for Co-Encapsulation of Vitamin C and Xanthoxylin","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102174","article-title":"Ethanol injection technique for liposomes formulation: An insight into development, influencing factors, challenges and applications","volume":"61","author":"Gouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"2","article-title":"Tailored Non-ionic Surfactant Vesicles of Cyclosporine for the Treatment of Psoriasis: Formulation, Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Investigation-Application of Box-Behnken Design","volume":"5","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(76)90402-8","article-title":"Outside-inside distributions and sizes of mixed phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles","volume":"436","author":"Kruijff","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113734","article-title":"Cynara officinalis var. Korean Kitami polyphenol extract decreases pro-inflammatory markers in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by reducing Akt phosphorylation","volume":"270","author":"Najjar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201815666180716112457","article-title":"Lipid Based Aqueous Core Nanocapsules (ACNs) for Encapsulating Hydrophillic Vinorelbine Bitartrate: Preparation, Optimization, Characterization and In vitro Safety Assessment for Intravenous Administration","volume":"15","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9556","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b03125","article-title":"Maillard-reacted whey protein isolates enhance thermal stability of anthocyanins over a wide pH range","volume":"66","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, J., Wu, H., Lu, Z., Qin, Q., Jiao, X., Meng, G., Liu, W., and Li, G. (2024). pH-driven preparation of pea protein isolate-curcumin nanoparticles effectively enhances antitumor activity. Int. J. Biol. Macromolecules, 256.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128383"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emkani, M., Moundanga, S., Oliete, B., and Saurel, R. (2023). Protein composition and nutritional aspects of pea protein fractions obtained by a modified isoelectric precipitation method using fermentation. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1284413"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.04.177","article-title":"Biopolymer-coated nanoliposomes as carriers of rainbow trout skin-derived antioxidant peptides","volume":"234","author":"Rezazadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"113734","article-title":"Formulation and characterization of liposomal encapsulated systems of bioactive ingredients from traditional plant mountain germander (Teucrium montanum L.) for incorporation into coffee drinks","volume":"370","author":"Vugrinec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2022.2071296","article-title":"Protein-liposome interactions: The impact of surface charge and fluidisation effect on protein binding","volume":"33","author":"Triantafyllopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liposome Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6b01467","article-title":"Patchy Layersomes Formed by Layer-by-Layer Coating of Liposomes with Strong Biopolyelectrolytes","volume":"17","author":"Kashcooli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43341","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c13504","article-title":"Molecular Design of Layer-by-Layer Functionalized Liposomes for Oral Drug Delivery","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.134609","article-title":"Effect of lipid composition on the characteristics of liposomes prepared using the polyol dilution method","volume":"699","author":"Ohishi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Colloids Surf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.138139","article-title":"Fatty acids-modified liposomes for encapsulation of bioactive peptides: Fabrication, characterization, storage stability and in vitro release","volume":"440","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2016.1148273","article-title":"Liposomes as carrier vehicles for functional compounds in food sector","volume":"11","author":"Emami","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.105934","article-title":"Design and characterization of Glypican-3 targeted liposomes with cantharidin encapsulation for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"e13972","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan\/tripolyphosphate nanoassemblies: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity","volume":"43","author":"Jagatai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2649","article-title":"Preparation of blueberry anthocyanin liposomes and changes of vesicle properties, physicochemical properties, in vitro release, and antioxidant activity before and after chitosan modification","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109609","article-title":"Co-encapsulation of anthocyanin and cinnamaldehyde in nanoparticle-filled carrageenan films: Fabrication, characterization, and packaging applications","volume":"149","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110554","article-title":"Nanoliposomes as delivery system for anthocyanins: Physicochemical characterization, cellular uptake, and antioxidant properties","volume":"139","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.138166","article-title":"Oral polysaccharide-coated liposome-modified double-layered nanoparticles containing anthocyanins: Preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and evaluation of lipid-lowering activity in vitro","volume":"439","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.106668","article-title":"Enhancing the resistance of anthocyanins to environmental stress by constructing ovalbumin-propylene glycol alginate nanocarriers with novel configurations","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2058646","article-title":"Application of chitosan\/alginate nanoparticles in oral drug delivery systems: Prospects and challenges","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, C., Tan, B., and Sun, X. (2021). Elucidation of interaction between whey proteins and proanthocyanidins and its protective effects on proanthocyanidins during in vitro digestion and storage. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185468"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1936246","DOI":"10.1080\/00268976.2021.1936246","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of anthocyanin revealed through the hydrogen atom transfer: Combined effects of temperature and pH","volume":"119","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, A.I., Costa Lima, S.A., and Reis, S. (2019). Application of pH responsive fucoidan\/chitosan nanoparticles to improve oral quercetin delivery. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020346"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.09.001","article-title":"Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review","volume":"113","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Li, Y., and Fu, X. (2025). Nanoliposome modified with inulin and pea protein isolate improves the thermal stability and slows the release of anthocyanin during simulated in vitro digestion and in hot cocoa beverage. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14050731"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900325","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201900325","article-title":"Whey protein isolate coated liposomes as novel carrier systems for astaxanthin","volume":"122","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.03.010","article-title":"A simple passive equilibration method for loading carboplatin into pre-formed liposomes incubated with ethanol as a temperature dependent permeability enhancer","volume":"252","author":"Wehbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113851","article-title":"Liposome composition in drug delivery: Design, synthesis, characterization, and clinical application","volume":"176","author":"Large","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.09.050","article-title":"Environmental stress stability of microencapsules based on liposomes decorated with chitosan and sodium alginate","volume":"196","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9573","DOI":"10.1021\/jf302375t","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity of teas and herbal infusions: Polarographic assessment","volume":"60","author":"Komes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"56","article-title":"Antioxidative effect of bilberry anthocyanin liposomes on Caco-2 cells","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.082","article-title":"Characterization of pH sensitive sago starch films enriched with anthocyanin-rich torch ginger extract","volume":"164","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030723c","article-title":"The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40099","DOI":"10.1002\/app.40099","article-title":"Theoretical and practical considerations in electrostatic deposition of charged polymers","volume":"131","author":"Zeeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiang, M., Pang, X., Ma, D., Ma, C., and Liu, F. (2020). Effect of membrane surface modification using chitosan hydrochloride and lactoferrin on the properties of astaxanthin-loaded liposomes. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030610"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Zhang, M., and Pei, Y. (2023). Enhancing stability of liposomes using high molecular weight chitosan to promote antioxidative stress effects and lipid-lowering activity of encapsulated lutein in vivo and in vitro. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126564"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozik, V., Pentak, D., Pa\u017adzior, M., Zi\u0119ba, A., and B\u0105k, A. (2023). From design to study of liposome-driven drug release part 1: Impact of temperature and pH on environment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411686"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uzun, D.E., Ceyhan, T., Tomas, M., and Capanoglu, E. (2025). Recent advances in improving anthocyanin stability in black carrots. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr., 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2025.2469774"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134740","article-title":"Incorporation of curcumin-loaded lipid-based nanodelivery systems into food: Release behavior in food simulants and a case study of application in a beverage","volume":"405","author":"Vicente","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/14\/2892\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:06:23Z","timestamp":1760033183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/14\/2892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30142892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30142892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}